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Year 1 Cardiology > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Focal neurological symptoms and signs due to the disruption of blood flow

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2
Q

Is ischaemic more common than haemorrhage?

A

Yes 80-85% are ischaemic strokes

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3
Q

What causes haemorrhagic strokes?

A

Increased blood pressure weekend blood vessel

Aneurysm Vasculitis inflammation arteriovenous malformation

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4
Q

What causes ischaemic strokes?

A

thrombotic- clot at site on occlusion
embolism-clot formed away from site of occlusion
Hypoperfusion- reduced blood flow due to stenosed artery rather than occlusion

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5
Q

Is the damage in haemorrhagic stroke slow?

A

No as soon as it occurs that damage is done due to pressure blood exerts on brain soft tissue

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6
Q

Risk factors for stroke

A

Male Older, family history , south asians , history of previous strokes

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7
Q

Modifiable risk factors

A

Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, previous TIA, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, alcohol, inactivity

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8
Q

Why does Atrial fibrillation increase risks strokes?

A

Uneven in improper pumping of blood out of atria crates unstable blood flow in stasis allowing a thrombus to form

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9
Q

Management for ischaemic strokes

A

Thrombolysis- break down the thrombus

Thrombectomy- mechanical removal

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10
Q

Which conditions can mimic a stroke?

A

Hyperglycaemia, seizures, migraines, space occupying lesions

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11
Q

Which scan is first choice for haemorrhagic strokes?

A

CT +/- angiography as blood is really obvious

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12
Q

Which scan is first choice for ischaemic strokes?

A

MRI with DWI +/- angiography as areas of ischaemia are highlighted

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13
Q

What must be determined during history?

A

Sequence of events, medication, what risks factors they have

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14
Q

What is a cardioembolism?

A

Clot formed in heart- usually due to AF

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15
Q

Atheroembolism

A

emboli formed from thrombus on top of atherosclerotic plaque

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16
Q

What tests are done for a cardioembolism?

A

ECG echocardiogram

17
Q

What tests are done for a atheroembolism?

A

Carotid scanning checking for thrombi in carotid, CT scan

18
Q

When should thrombolysis be done

A

Up to 4.5 hours from onset of symptoms

19
Q

When should a thrombectoy be done

A

Up to 6 hours from onset of symptoms

20
Q

Preventative treatment for ischaemic strokes

A

Aspirin, control diabetes, statins, for AF rivaroxaban to prevent clot forming

21
Q

What is a TIA

A

Transient ischaemic attack

temporary neurological symptoms due to occlusion

22
Q

Why is a TIA an emergency?

A

As likelyhood of a stroke after a TIA is dramatically increased as likely emboli is unstable

23
Q

What is an arterial clot rich in

A

platelets- red

24
Q

What is a venous clot rich in?

A

Fibrin so yellow

Year 1 Cardiology (17 decks)

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