Inherited Cardiac conditions Flashcards
Channelopathies
genetic mutations that code for the protein channels, resulting in electrophysiological changes in the cells
How can channelopathies be detected?
Abnormalities on the ECG, arrhythmias both ventricular and atrial especially in younger patients
What is the danger in congenital long QT syndrome cLQTS
Polymorphic VT or Torsades de point which is fatal
Heart block or lone AF
cLQTS on an ECG
men > 440ms QT
women > 450 ms
cLQTS symptoms
Syncope sudden cardiac death in children and younger adults
Triggers for syncope
Loud auditory noises, sleeping, holding breath, hypokalaemia, QT prolonging medication
Brugada
ST elevation and RBBB in V1-V3 however abnormalities are intermittent
What test is done to diagnose brugada?
Trying to induce the ST elevation using drugs and they are monitored using an ECG
Risks related to Brugada
Polymorphic VF and VT
AF is also common
Triggers for brugada
Sleeping, large meals or volume of alcohol, exercise, genotype etc
Drugs to avoid in brugada
Anti arrythmic Ca2+ drugs
Why is exercise not banned in cases of inherited cardiac conditions?
As mortality from inactivity related illness and CV disease is much higher than from the inherited condition
Is also good for physical and mental health
Why is presymptomatic diagnosis so important?
As some times the only symptom is sudden cardiac death
Very good prognosis if early diagnoses and treatment with beta blockers
What increases the risk of sudden cardiac death by up to 3X
High dynamic high static sports
e.g. football kayaking, cycling, rowing
What is an S-ICD
Subcutaneous implanted cardioverter-defibrillator
