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Year 1 Cardiology > ECG reading and understanding > Flashcards

ECG reading and understanding Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ECG detect

A

Electrical potential changes on the body surface caused by the re and depolarisation of the heart

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2
Q

Benefit of the ECG

A

Allows you to indirectly and non invasively monitor the heart

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3
Q

Why can the ECG detect electrical potential changes on the surface of the skin

A

Due to the spread of the electrical current via gap junction in cardiac muscle this causes current flow in surrounding tissue

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4
Q

Describe the propagating current in one beat

A

Positive wave followed by a negative wave

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5
Q

At what potential is the positive wave

A

+30mV

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6
Q

What is a lead?

A

An imaginary line between two electrodes

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7
Q

What is the +ve electrode

A

This is the reading electrode

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8
Q

What is the -ve electrode

A

This is the reference electrode

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9
Q

When is an uplift in the ECG produced?

A

When the wave of depolarisation is towards the +ve reading electrode

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10
Q

When is a down lift in the ECG produced?

A

When the wave of depolarisation is moving away from the +ve reading electrode

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11
Q

What are the names of the standard limb leads?

A

I, II and III

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12
Q

What lead is between the right and left arm?

A

Lead I and the LA is the +ve electrode

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13
Q

What is the lead between the right arm and the left leg?

A

Lead II and the LL is the +ve electrode

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14
Q

What is the lead between the left arm and the left leg?

A

Lead III and the LL is the +ve electrode

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15
Q

Why in lead II is the T wave an uplift?

A

Because its a wave of repolarisation that moves away from the +ve LL electrode which is recorded as an uplift

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16
Q

Why in lead II is the Q wave downwards when its a depolarisation?

A

Because the wave of depolarisation in the inter-ventricular septum is from left to right which is sightly away from the +ve LL electrode

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17
Q

Why in lead 2 is the S wave downwards?

A

This is because in ventricular depolarisation the wave propagates from the apex upwards away from the +ve electrode

18
Q

1 electrode is positive the other to are linked to provide a reference point in the centre of the heart .

A

Augmented limb leads

19
Q

What are the three augmented leads?

A

aVR, right arm aVL, left arm aVF, left foot

20
Q

What is the point of the augmented limb and standard limb leads?

A

To provide a vertical/frontal view of the heart

21
Q

What electrodes when placed give us a horizontal view of the heart?

A

Precordial leads V1-V6

22
Q

V1

A

4th intercostal space directly right of the sternum

23
Q

V2

A

4th intercostal space directly left of the sternum

24
Q

V3

A

Midway between V2 & V4

25
Q

V4

A

5th intercostal space mid-clavicular line

26
Q

V5

A

same horizontal plane as V4 but left anterior axillary line

27
Q

V6

A

Same horizontal plane as V5 but left mid axillary line

28
Q

Calibration of the paper and ECG

A

1 big squares are 0.2 seconds 5 big squares are 1 second 300 squares are 1 minute Paper moves at 25mm/sec 300 / number of squares between R-R interval is heart rate

29
Q

What leads indicate an inferior STEMI

A

II,III, aVF

30
Q

What leads indicate an anterior STEMI

A

V1 to V4

31
Q

What leads indicate an anteroseptal STEMI

A

V1-V3

32
Q

What indicates a left bundle branch MI

A

Prolonged ST segment V1-V4 M or W shape

33
Q

What indicates a lateral STEMI

A

I and aVL

34
Q
A

ECG showing left axis deviation

35
Q
A

ECG showing right axis deviation

36
Q
A

ECG showing left bundle brach block

37
Q
A
38
Q

Anterolateral STEMI shows what

A

V4-V6, I, aVL

39
Q

Posterior STEMI

A

V1-V2 reciprocal

40
Q
A

Year 1 Cardiology (17 decks)

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