Stroke

Question 1

Hemiplegia involving at least two of:
-face
-arm
-leg
\+/- hemisensory loss

Homonymous hemianopia

Cortical signs (dysphagia, neglect etc)

Answer 1

Total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS)

Question 2

Hemisensory loss definition

Answer 2

Loss of sensation on one side of the body

Question 3

Most severe type of stroke

Answer 3

Total anterior circulation syndrome

Question 4

Partial Anterior Circulation Syndrome

Answer 4

• 2 out of 3 features present in TACS or;
• Isolated cortical dysfunction such as dysphasia or;
• Pure motor/sensory signs less severe than in lacunar syndromes (e.g. monoparesis)

Question 5

What is monoparesis?

Answer 5

When a limb is extremely weak but not completely paralysed

Question 6

What would you call a infarct in the basal ganglia/thalamus/white matter/brainstem?

Answer 6

Lacunar infarct

Question 7

Best prognosis out of the different types of stroke?

Answer 7

Lacunar stroke

Question 8

Most important factor in stroke prognosis/management

Answer 8

Laterality

right side = creativness, left side = the other stuff

Question 9

Which side of your brain is responsible for spatial awareness?

Answer 9

Right side

Question 10

Where are you most likely to have a thrombus form which will then cause an ischaemic stroke?

Answer 10

The carotid artery (around the bifurcation i think)

Question 11

What is cerebral amyloid angiopathy?

Answer 11

Where amyloid deposits form in the walls of blood vessels and in the CNS

Question 12

What size vessels are affected in churg strauss?

Answer 12

Small to medium size (so does wegeners and microscopic polyangitis)

Question 13

VERY IMPORTANT THING I SHOULD NOT FORGET ABOUT CHURG STRAUSS?

Answer 13

also called EOSINOPHILIC!!!! = lots of IgE !!!!

Question 14

This heart thing is associated with a 5x increased risk of stroke?

Answer 14

Atrial fibrillation

1 in 6 strokes are due to AF !!!

Question 15

What does PFO stand for?

Answer 15

Patent foramen ovale

Question 16

What might cause a primary haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 16

• hypertension
• amyloid angiopathy

(a deep haemorrhage may be more related to effects of blood pressure, and a lobar haemorrhage may be more related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy)

Question 17

What might cause a secondary intracerebral haemorrhage?

Answer 17

• AVM
• Aneurysm
• Tumour

Question 18

Describe how a haematoma expands in the brain?

Answer 18

So you have a haematoma:

1) it will keep bleeding and expand
2) this bleeding will then bleed into the surrounding tissue
3) edema will then form around the lesion as well cry cry