Lecture 1 - Revision of CNS

Question 1

Multi-polar neurones

Answer 1

LMN
Skeletal muscle
ANS

Question 2

Where is the cell body in multi-polar neurones?

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

Unipolar neurones

Answer 3

Sensory neurones

Peripheral autonomic neurone

Question 4

Where is the cell body for unipolar neurones?

Answer 4

Cell body in the PNS (dorsal root ganglion)

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

Ganglion

Answer 6

PNS

Question 7

Tract

Answer 7

CNS

Question 8

Nerve

Answer 8

PNS

Question 9

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves?

Answer 10

12

Question 11

How many pairs of lumbar/sacral spinal nerves?

Answer 11

5 pairs lumbar

5 pairs spinal

Question 12

Where do spinal nerves supply?

Answer 12

The soma

Question 13

Where are spinal nerves located?

Answer 13

ONLY located within the intervertebral foramina

Question 14

What passes into the posterior horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 14

SENSORY information

Question 15

What passes from the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 15

MOTOR information

Question 16

C2-C4 spinal nerve segment

Answer 16

Posterior scalp, neck and shoulder

Question 17

C5-T1 spinal nerve segment

Answer 17

Upper limb

Question 18

L2-Co1 spinal segment

Answer 18

Lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

Question 19

Which spinal nerves supply the posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

Answer 19

C2-C4

Question 20

Which spinal nerves supply the upper limb?

Answer 20

C5-T1

Question 21

Which spinal nerves supply the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum?

Answer 21

L2-Co1

Question 22

T9 myotome

Answer 22

The intercostal muscles of approximately 8th-10th intercostal spaces AND SOME OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL MUSCLES

Question 23

Nerve supply to:

• skin sweat glands
• skin arrector muscles
• all arterioles

Answer 23

Sympathetic nerve supply

Question 24

Sympathetic outflow exits spinal cord within which numbers?

Answer 24

T1-L2

Question 25

Which segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns?

Answer 25

T1-L2

Question 26

Why do T1-L2 have lateral horns?

Answer 26

For the cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain

Question 27

Facial signs of Horner's syndrome

Answer 27

- Ipsilateral ptosis (due to lack of sympathetic innervation of the smooth muscle within levator palpebrae superioris) - Ipsilateral miosis (pinpoint pupil) due to lack of sympathetic innervation of dilaor pupillae - Reduced sweating of ipsilateral facial skin due to lack of sympathetic innervation of skin sweat glands

Question 28

How do pre-synaptic parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

Answer 28

Via cranial nerves III, VII, IX & X and via sacral spinal nerves

Question 29

How do parasympathetic axons reach the eye?

Answer 29

Via the ciliary ganglion

Question 30

How do parasympathetic axons reach the lacrimal and salivary glands?

Answer 30

Via the parasympathetic ganglia in the head

Question 31

How do parasympathetic axons reach the organs of the neck, chest and abdomen (as far as the midgut)

Answer 31

Via the vagus nerve

Question 32

How do parasympathetic axons reach the hindgut, pelvis and perineum?

Answer 32

Sacral spinal nerves "carry" the parasympathetic axons to the hindgut, pelvis and perineum

Question 33

The trochlear nerve innervates only one muscle, which muscle is this?

Answer 33

The superior oblique muscle (eye lol)

Question 34

Which muscle does the abducent nerve innervate?

Answer 34

Lateral rectus

Question 35

Which muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

Answer 35

Sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles

Question 36

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

Answer 36

The muscles of the tongue

Question 37

Where are spinal nerves located?

Answer 37

ONLY within the intervertebral foraminae

Question 38

How do spinal nerves connect with structures of the soma?

Answer 38

Via RAMI

Question 39

What is t location of cell bodies of primary afferent neurones?

Answer 39

Dorsal root ganglion | think about it --> primary afferent = sensory, sensory = posterior root/rootlets/horn, posterior = DORSAL

Question 40

Which levels is the sympathetic outflow?

Answer 40

T1-L2

Question 41

Which segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns?

Answer 41

T1-L2

Question 42

Sympathetic axons from the brain descend in which columns of the spinal cord?

Answer 42

Lateral grey columns