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Neurology > Lecture 1 - Revision of CNS > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Revision of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Multi-polar neurones

A

LMN
Skeletal muscle
ANS

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2
Q

Where is the cell body in multi-polar neurones?

A

CNS

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3
Q

Unipolar neurones

A

Sensory neurones

Peripheral autonomic neurone

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4
Q

Where is the cell body for unipolar neurones?

A

Cell body in the PNS (dorsal root ganglion)

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

CNS

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6
Q

Ganglion

A

PNS

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7
Q

Tract

A

CNS

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8
Q

Nerve

A

PNS

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9
Q

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves?

A

8

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10
Q

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves?

A

12

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11
Q

How many pairs of lumbar/sacral spinal nerves?

A

5 pairs lumbar

5 pairs spinal

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12
Q

Where do spinal nerves supply?

A

The soma

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13
Q

Where are spinal nerves located?

A

ONLY located within the intervertebral foramina

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14
Q

What passes into the posterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

SENSORY information

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15
Q

What passes from the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

MOTOR information

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16
Q

C2-C4 spinal nerve segment

A

Posterior scalp, neck and shoulder

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17
Q

C5-T1 spinal nerve segment

A

Upper limb

18
Q

L2-Co1 spinal segment

A

Lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

19
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

A

C2-C4

20
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the upper limb?

A

C5-T1

21
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum?

A

L2-Co1

22
Q

T9 myotome

A

The intercostal muscles of approximately 8th-10th intercostal spaces AND SOME OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL MUSCLES

23
Q

Nerve supply to:

  • skin sweat glands
  • skin arrector muscles
  • all arterioles
A

Sympathetic nerve supply

24
Q

Sympathetic outflow exits spinal cord within which numbers?

A

T1-L2

25
Q

Which segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns?

A

T1-L2

26
Q

Why do T1-L2 have lateral horns?

A

For the cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain

27
Q

Facial signs of Horner’s syndrome

A
  • Ipsilateral ptosis (due to lack of sympathetic innervation of the smooth muscle within levator palpebrae superioris)
  • Ipsilateral miosis (pinpoint pupil) due to lack of sympathetic innervation of dilaor pupillae
  • Reduced sweating of ipsilateral facial skin due to lack of sympathetic innervation of skin sweat glands
28
Q

How do pre-synaptic parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

A

Via cranial nerves III, VII, IX & X and via sacral spinal nerves

29
Q

How do parasympathetic axons reach the eye?

A

Via the ciliary ganglion

30
Q

How do parasympathetic axons reach the lacrimal and salivary glands?

A

Via the parasympathetic ganglia in the head

31
Q

How do parasympathetic axons reach the organs of the neck, chest and abdomen (as far as the midgut)

A

Via the vagus nerve

32
Q

How do parasympathetic axons reach the hindgut, pelvis and perineum?

A

Sacral spinal nerves “carry” the parasympathetic axons to the hindgut, pelvis and perineum

33
Q

The trochlear nerve innervates only one muscle, which muscle is this?

A

The superior oblique muscle (eye lol)

34
Q

Which muscle does the abducent nerve innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

35
Q

Which muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles

36
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

The muscles of the tongue

37
Q

Where are spinal nerves located?

A

ONLY within the intervertebral foraminae

38
Q

How do spinal nerves connect with structures of the soma?

A

Via RAMI

39
Q

What is t location of cell bodies of primary afferent neurones?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

think about it –> primary afferent = sensory, sensory = posterior root/rootlets/horn, posterior = DORSAL

40
Q

Which levels is the sympathetic outflow?

A

T1-L2

41
Q

Which segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns?

A

T1-L2

42
Q

Sympathetic axons from the brain descend in which columns of the spinal cord?

A

Lateral grey columns

Neurology (56 decks)

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