Stroke

Question 1

Stroke definition

Answer 1

sudden onset focal neurological deficit of vascular aetiology w/symptoms lasting >24 hours

Question 2

85% of strokes are ischaemic/haemorrhagic?

Answer 2

Ischaemic

Question 3

50% of ischaemic strokes are caused by ______,
25% of ischaemic strokes are caused by. ______,
20% of ischaemic strokes are caused by _______.

Answer 3

50% by large vessel atherosclerosis e.g. carotid artery,
25% by intracranial small vessel atherosclerosis,
20% by cardio-embolic e.g. AF

Question 4

List 7 strong risk factors for ischaemic stroke

Answer 4

age, 
male, 
FH, 
hypertension, 
smoking, 
DM, 
AF

Question 5

List 5 weaker risk factors for ischaemic stroke

Answer 5

hypercholesterolaemia, 
obesity, 
poor diet, 
oestrogen therapy, 
migraine

Question 6

Bamford/Oxford classification of a TACI (Total Anterior circulation infarct)

Answer 6

contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis AND,
contralateral homonymous hemianopia AND,
higher cerebral dysfunction e.g. aphasia

Question 7

What arteries do TACIs involve

Answer 7

anterior AND middle cerebral arteries

Question 8

Bamford/Oxford classification of a PACI (Partial Anterior circulation infarct)

Answer 8

2 of contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis and contralateral homonymous hemianopia OR higher cerebral dysfunction alone

Question 9

What arteries do PACIs involve

Answer 9

anterior OR middle cerebral artery

Question 10

Lacunar infarct definition

Answer 10

Pure motor stroke OR, 
pure sensory stroke OR, 
sensorimotor stroke OR, 
ataxic hemiparesis, 
with NO visual field defect, cerebral dysfunction

Question 11

What arteries do LACIs involve

Answer 11

small deep perforating arteries, typically internal capsule or thalamus

Question 12

POCI - posterior circulation infarct definition

Answer 12

cerebellar dysfunction OR,
conjugate eye movement disorder OR,
bilateral motor/sensory deficit OR,
ipsilateral