Parkinson's Supplementary

Question 1

What 2 diagnostic tests can be helpful in Parkinson’s?

Answer 1

• structural brain imaging

- SPECT scan - a DatScan (dopamine injected and check where its picked up)

Question 2

Men are ___ times more likely to develop Parkinsons than women.

Answer 2

1.5 times

Question 3

List 5 risk factors for Parkinsons.

Answer 3

• advancing age
• positive family history
• being male
• genetics
• environment e.g. pesticide exposure

Question 4

Symptomatic treatment for Parkinson’s disease aims to increase dopamine concn or stimulate dopamine receptors. List some drugs that can be used.
don’t use 3MB drug question use this

Answer 4

• levodopa
• dopamine agonists e.g. bromocriptine/ropinirole
• monoamine oxydase type B inhibitors
• amantadine

Question 5

What enzyme converts levodopa to dopamine in the brain?

Answer 5

DOPA decarboxylase

Question 6

What is a major side effects of dopamine agonist use?

Answer 6

impulsive and compulsive behavioural issue e.g. gambling, hypersexuality, binge eating

Question 7

What do Lewy bodies contain?

Answer 7

alpha-synuclein

Question 8

Define hypomimia, hypophonia and micographia - what symptom of Parkinson’s do they fall under?

Answer 8

• Hypomimia: decreased facial expression
• Hypophonia: soft speech
• Micographia: progressively smaller handwriting
• all types of Bradykinesia

Question 9

Parkinson’s tremor persists in movement. True/false?

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What are the most common Parkinson tremors? (3)

Answer 10

• pill-rolling
• finger flexion-extension
• finger abduction-adduction

Question 11

Head tremors are not typical in PD but patients can get jaw, tongue and lower limb tremors. True/falsE?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

List some red flags of PD. (5)

Answer 12

symmetry in symptoms
severe lower limb involvement
frequent falls 
severe cognitive dysfunction 
other unexpected movement disorder e.g. tics, chorea

Question 13

Vascular Parkinsonism predominantly affects upper/lower limbs. Rest tremor is common/uncommon. Other vascular brain lesions may be present and it will show good/poor levodopa response.

Answer 13

• lower
• uncommon
• poor

Question 14

Drug induced Parkinsonism is associated with drugs that block dopamine action & stops after drug has been withdrawn. It tends to be symmetrical/asymmetrical. It often has resting/postural tremor.

Answer 14

• symmetrical

- postural