Intracranial Tumours Supplementary Flashcards
What are the 4 herniations with mass effect and which is the worst causing Cushing’s response & death and which causes 3rd nerve palsy?
Subfalcine herniation
Central herniation
Uncal transtentorial herniation - can cause 3rd nerve palsy
Tonsillar herniation - worst one
Describe the typical headache caused by intracranial neoplasms. They may occur with/without raised ICP.
- worse in the morning
- wakes them up
- worse with coughing/leaning forward
- may be associated with and get worse with vomiting
A tumour in what part of the brain would cause dyspraxia e.g. struggle to get dressed?
Parietal lobe
Cerebellar lesions cause hypertonia and supratentorial lesions cause hypotonia. True/false?
False
cerebellar - hypotonia
supratentorial - hypertonia
Where do Grade 1 astrocytic tumours tend to grow?
Posterior fossa
Why are low grade astrocytomas not benign?
ultimate behaiviour is not bening - tend to become malginant
Are low grade astrocytomas benign/malignant?
start benign but ultimately become malignant
What is treatment for Grade II astrocytomas?
Surgery +/- radiation, chemo
What are signs of poor prognosis in Grade II astrocytomas and make them likely to become glioblastomas?
- age >45
- low performance score
- large tumours/cross midline
- incomplete resection
What conditions can lead to multiple gliomas?
neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis
What is the gold standard Stupp protocol for malignant astrocytomas?
Surgery + Radio + tenozolamide
What is the most common glioma?
Gliobastoma multiforme
What is the most common glioma?
Glioblastoma multiforme
What is a glioma and name 3 types?
Tumours of the glial cells and from most to least malignant:
astrocytoma
oligodendroglioma
ependymoma
When is radiotherapy useful in malignant tumours and what are the side effects?
- good post surgery
- side effects: drops IQ by 10, skin, hair loss and tired
What are red flag symptoms for brain tumour in child?
- tiptoeing
- ataxia
- vomiting with headache
Where do acoustic neuromas grow and what are bilateral ones associated with?
Vestibular schwannoma on 8th nerve
Bilateral associated with neurofibromatosis type II
What is the classic appearance on MRI of vestibular schwannomas?
Ice cream cone shape
