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Neurology > Physiology Somatosensory system > Flashcards

Physiology Somatosensory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 sensory modalities the somatosensory system mediates?

A
  • fine discriminatory touch (mechanosensation)
  • proprioception
  • thermosensation
  • nociception (pain)
  • pruriception (itch)
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2
Q

What are 5 different types of fine discriminatory touch?

A
  • light touch
  • pressure
  • vibration
  • flutter
  • stretch
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3
Q

What is another name for primary sensory afferent in the somatosensory pathway and is it PNS/CNS?

A
  • 1st order neurone

- PNS

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4
Q

Where are the cell bodies of 1st order neurone in the somatosensory pathway? (2 options)

A

-dorsal root ganglia
OR
-cranial ganglia

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5
Q

What is another name for the projection neurones in somatosensory pathway and are they PNS/CNS?

A
  • 2nd order neurone
  • 3rd order neurone
  • CNS
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6
Q

1st order neuron cell bodies are located in the cranial ganglia for innervation of which part of the body?

A

Anterior head

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7
Q

Where are the cell bodies of 2nd order neurone in the somatosensory pathway? (2 options)

A

-dorsal horn of spinal cord
OR
-brainstem nuclei

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8
Q

Where are the cell bodies for 3rd order neurones in the somatosensory pathway?

A

Thalamic nuclei

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9
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the neurones in the somatosensory cortex in the somatosensory pathway?

A

Parietal and posterior parietal cortex

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10
Q

The receptor potential caused by stimulus opening ion channels and depolarising cells is proportional to stimulus intensity. They have a linear relationship. True/false?

A

False - receptor potential is proportional to stimulus intensity but they have a non-linear relationship, more sloped in lower stimulus then starts to round out

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11
Q

The non-linear relationship between receptor potential and stimulus intensity means that the greatest sensitivity to change of receptor potential is at low stimulus strength. True/false?

A

True

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12
Q

What is the relationship between higher membrane potential (i.e. more depolarised) and the number of action potentials?

A

The higher the membrane potential, the more frequent the action potentials (receptor potentials)

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13
Q

What type of sensory receptor unit detects touch, pressure and vibration?

A 
Skin mechanoreceptors
(Different types for each one)
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14
Q

What type of sensory receptor unit detects proprioception?

A

Joint and muscle mechanoreceptors

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15
Q

What type of sensory receptor unit detects temperature?

A

Cold and warm thermoreceptors

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16
Q

What types of sensory receptor unit detects pain? (3)

A

-mechanical, thermal and polymodal nociceptors

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17
Q

What type of sensory receptor unit detects itch?

A

Itch receptors

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18
Q

What is the adequate stimulus in somatosensory pathway?

A

The type and intensity of energy that primary afferent neurons are tuned to respond to and that elicits the action potential

19
Q

What are two types of receptors that have low threshold units and what stimuli do they respond to?

A
  • low threshold mechanoreceptors -> fine discriminatory touch
  • low threshold thermoreceptors -> cold through to hot
20
Q

What are four types of receptors that have high threshold units?

A
  • high threshold mechanoreceptors
  • thermal nociceptors
  • chemical nociceptors
  • polymodal nociceptors
21
Q

What is adaptation in terms of sensory units?

A

whether they change their firing rate in response to stimulus of changing intensity or fire continuously for whole stimulus

22
Q

What is the difference between fast adapting (phasic) receptors and slowly adapting (tonic) receptors?

A
  • Fast adapting receptors respond maximally but briefly to stimuli and their response decreases if stimulus is maintained
  • slowly adapting receptors keep firing as long as stimuli is present
23
Q

What type (very fast, fast or slow adapting) of sensory neurons provide info to CNS about position, degree of stretch or force?

A

Slowly adapting

24
Q

What type (very fast, fast or slowly adapting) of sensory units detect changes in stimulus strength e.g. rate of movement?

A

Fast adapting

25
Q

What type (very fast, fast or slowly adapting) of sensory unit responds only to very fast movement like rapid vibration?

A

Very fast adapting

26
Q

Pacinian corpuscle is an example of what type of sensory unit adaption?

A

Very fast adapting

27
Q

Which type of sensory unit adaption does not respond to ramp stimulus (gradually increasing) and only responds to step stimulus?

A

Very fast adapting

28
Q

In what type of sensory unit adaptation is the number of impulses proportional to the rate of change of stimulus?

A

Fast adapting

29
Q

Put these sensory receptors in order of conduction velocity from Group I to Group IV ( i.e. thickest - thinnest or fastest to slowest).

  • Pain, temperature
  • proprioceptors of skeletal muscle
  • temperature, pain, itch
  • mechanoreceptors of skin
A
  • proprioceptors of skeletal muscle (thickest)
  • mechanoreceptors of skin
  • pain, temperature
  • temperature, pain, itch
30
Q

What is the receptor field?

A

The area that the free nerve ending to will respond to stimulus

31
Q

Sensory acuity is his higher when receptor field is smaller and there is higher density innervation. True/false?

A

True

32
Q

What is two-point discrimination?

A

Clinical test of tactile acuity
two areas far apart are pricked and the smallest separation at which two points of pain can be applied at same time and distinguished by patient as two different areas is their threshold distance

33
Q

In the skin, free nerve endings of the C-fibres are low threshold units that sense vibration. True/false?

A

False

They are high threshold units that sense pain, heat and cold

34
Q

What do Meissner’s corpuscles in the skin detect and are they present on hairy/non-hairy skin?

A
  • Touch

- non-hairy skin

35
Q

What do Merkel’s discs in the skin detect and are they present on hairy/non-hairy skin?

A
  • Touch

- both hairy and non-hairy skin

36
Q

What do Pacinian corpuscles in the skin detect?

A

Pressure

37
Q

What do Krause end bulb receptors in the skin detect? (2)

A
  • Touch

- cold

38
Q

What do hair end organs receptors in the skin respond to?

A

Bending of hairs

39
Q

What do Ruffini ending receptors in the skin respond to?

A

Dragging forces

40
Q

In what ganglia does varicella zoster virus remain in latent state after chickenpox?

A

Dorsal root ganglia

41
Q

In somatosensory cortex proprioception is interpreted in which Brodmann area?

A

3A

42
Q

In somatosensory cortex cutaneous touch is interpreted in which Brodmann areas?

A

3b and 1

43
Q

How many layers are there in the somatosensory cortex?

A

6

44
Q

Damage to what part of the brain can cause hemispatial neglect syndrome?

A

Posterior parietal cortex

Neurology (34 decks)

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