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Ther-Ex > Stretching > Flashcards

Stretching Flashcards

1
Q

myostatic

A
  • no specific muscle patho present, can be resolved quickly w stretching exercises
    • contracture d/t prolonged posture
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2
Q

pseudomyostatic

A

result of hypertonicity, mm spasm, or guarding; full passive elongation possible w neuromuscular inhibition techniques

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3
Q

fibrotic/irreversible

A

result of fibrous changes in CT of muscle d/t immobilization/trauma, difficult to reestablish tissue length non-surgically

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3
Q

arthogenic/prearticular

A

result of intra-articular OR prearticular pathology

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4
Q

reduced functional motion
- d/t adaptive shortening or decreased extensibility in soft tissue

A

hypomobility

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5
Q

factors that influence hypomobility x7

A

prolonged immobilization
sedentary lifestyle
postural malalignment
tissue trauma
impaired mm performance
age-related decreases in tissue extensibility
congenital or acquired deformities

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6
Q

hypermobility/overstretching

A

excessive mobility
creates detrimental joint instability
normal in healthy active patients that require extensive flexibility

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7
Q

flexibility

A

ability to rotate 1 jt smoothly & easily through unrestricted, pain-free ROM

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8
Q

Dynamic flexibility

A
  • active muscle contraction rotating a joint through its available ROM
    • depends on: mm ability to contract & degree of tissue extensibility
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9
Q

Passive flexibility

A
  • joint passively rotated through available ROM
    • depends on: tissue extensibility
    • prerequisite for dynamic flexibility
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10
Q

precautions x8

A
  • do not stretch beyond normal ROM
  • extra caution w pt’s w osteoporosis
  • protect newly united fx’s
  • torque → point of force application
    • long lever arm = more torque
  • vigorous stretching of previously immobilized tissue
  • progress dosage gradually
  • edematous tissue
  • overstretching weak mm’s
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11
Q

contraindications x8

A
  • bony block limits movement
  • recent fx’s w incomplete union
  • acute inflammatory/infectious process
  • necessary healing can be disrupted
  • sharp, acute pain w stretching
  • hematoma /tissue trauma
  • joint hypermobility
  • shortened ST provides stability
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12
Q

modes of stretching x8

A

ballistic
manual
mechanical
PNF
static
self
cyclic/intermittent
selective

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13
Q

ballistic stretching

A
  • rapid, forceful intermittent stretch
  • high velocity, high-intensity stretch
  • fast joint movement that quickly elongates the targeted soft tissue
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14
Q

manual stretching

A
  • clinician applies external force
  • early stages of program
  • most appropriate if pt lacks NM control of body segment & can’t self-stretch
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15
Q

mechanical stretching

A
  • device applies low-intensity, prolonged stretch
  • PT’s role to recommend type of device
  • pt/PTA’s role to teach pts how to safely use
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16
Q

PNF: proprioceptive NM facilitation

A
  • performed w synergistic mm groups in diagonal pattern
  • types:
    • hold-relax or contract-relax
    • agonist contraction
    • hold-relax with agonist contraction
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17
Q

static stretching

A
  • held in lengthened position over period of time
  • manual/self: 5 seconds to 5 minutes
  • mechanical: 1 hour to several days/weeks
  • used to increase flexibility/ROM
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18
Q

self stretching

A
  • independently complete after instructions
  • integral component of HEP
  • typically 30-60 seconds
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19
Q

cyclic/intermittent stretching

A
  • short duration
  • repeatedly but gradually applied, released, & reapplied
  • similar to static stretching repeated multiple times
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20
Q

selective stretching

A

applying stretching techniques to some muscles and joints while allowing motion limitations to develop another muscles or joints

21
Q

proper alignment for stretching

A
  • patient comfort & stability
  • influences baseline amount of tension
  • one joint vs two joint
  • maximized distance bt origin & insertion
22
Q

adjunct to stretching x7

A

het
cold
massage
joint traction
biofeedback
relax techniques
ST mobilization

23
Q

Ability of body structure or segment to move so ROM for functional activity is allowed

or

ability of an individual to initiate control or sustain active movements of the body to perform motor task

A

mobility

24
Q

Increase soft tissue extensibility to improve flexibility in ROM by elongating adaptively shortened and hypomobile structures

A

Stretching

25
Q

Around the tissue (ligaments)

A

Prearticular

26
Q

adaptive shortening of a muscle tendon unit /soft tissue surrounding a joints

A

contracture

27
Q

Contractors are due to: x4

A

prolonged joint positioning
neurological conditions
trauma
burns

28
Q

t/f: Contractors are long term

A

true

  • Hypermobility, muscle tightness, shortening = short term
29
Q

Interventions to increase mobility of soft tissues x7

A

Stretching
self-stretching
neuromuscular facilitation/inhibition muscle energy
joint mobilization
soft tissue mobilization
neural tissue mobilization

30
Q

Indications for stretching x5

A
  • Limited ROM due to soft tissues
  • restricted motion leads to structural deformities that are otherwise preventable
  • muscle weakness slash shortening have led to limited ROM
  • as part of fitness/sports specific program to reduce risk of injury
  • part of warm-up/cooldown from vigorous exercise
31
Q

returns to pre-stretch resting length after a short-duration stretch force is removed

A

elasticity

32
Q

initially resists deformation when stretch force is applied, but will slowly lengthen if force is sustained

A

viscoelasticity

33
Q

tendency of soft tissue to assume a new/greater length after stretch is removed

A

plasticity

34
Q

properties of oft tissue x3

A

elasticity
viscoelasticity
plasticity

35
Q

force per unit area (load)

A

stress

36
Q

amount of deformation

A

strain

37
Q

lengthening of wavy collagen fibers

A

toe region

38
Q

direct relationship between stress/strain

A

elastic range

39
Q

point beyond which tissue does not return to its original shape/size

A

elastic limit

40
Q

permanent tissue deformation

A

plastic range

41
Q

MAX strain the tissue can sustain

A

ultimate strength

42
Q

considerable weakening of the tissue

A

necking

43
Q

tissue ruptures

A

failure

44
Q

Steepness of curve depends on rate at which load is applied

A

rate dependence

45
Q

Continuous, slow elongation with maintained stretch

A

creep

46
Q

Gradual decrease in force required to maintain deformation with constant load applied

A

stress-relaxation

47
Q

Repetitive loading may cause failure at lower strain levels

A

Cyclic Loading & CT Fatigue

48
Q

total time from all cycles
Lack of agreement on optimal duration/rep

A

Total elongation time

49
Q

static, sustained, maintained, prolonged

A

Long duration stretching

50
Q

cyclic, intermittent, ballistic

A

Short duration stretching

51
Q

single cycle

A

duration
- Period of time stretch is applied and tissues are held in lengthened position

Ther-Ex (15 decks)

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