Fundamental Concepts Flashcards
what is ther-ex?
the influence on physical function
movement system x6
core of PT, all systems interact together
- endocrine, nervous, cardio, pulmonary, integumentary, & musculoskeletal
components of physical function x6
muscle performance
cardiopulmonary endurance
mobility/flexibility
neuromuscular control/coordination
stability
balance/postural equilibrium
movement system practitioner x4
understand movement system
assess movement dysfunction
identify impairment
intervene a program to help imairment
balance
ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain/move body within available BOS w/o falling
cardiopulmonary endurance
ability to perform moderate-intensity, repetitive, total body movements over extended period
flexibility
ability to move freely w/o restriction
mobility
ability of structures of body to move/be moved to achieve ROM needed for functional activities
muscle performance
capasity of muscle to produce tension & do physical work
neuromuscular control
interaction of sensory/motor systems to work in correct sequence/magnitude to create coordinated movement
stability
ability of NM system to hold a body segment in a stationary position
postural control
static/dynamic balance
WHO is ther-ex for?
people w/ movement dysfunction
WHAT is ther-ex for?
the systemic, planned performance, of physical movements, postures, or activities
- INDIVIDUALIZED for each persons needs
WHY is the-ex used?
remediate/prevent impairment
enhance activity & participation
reduce risk
optimize overall health
improve fitness/wellbeing
types of ther-ex x6
aerobic conditioning & reconditioning
ROM exercises
stretching techniques
muscle performance exercises
relaxation techniques
balance & agility training
exercise safety x6
PMH
current health status
meds
clinic environment
exercise techniques
proper body mechanics!
disablement
acute conditions + chronic conditions = compromised basic human performance
common MSK impairments managed w ther-ex x7
pain
mm weakness/reduces torque production
decreased muscular endurance
limited ROM
joint hypermobility/hypomobility
faulty pastures
muscle length/strength inbalances
common NM impairments managed with ther-ex x6
pain
impaired balance, control, or stability
incoordination, faulty timing
delayed motor development
abnormal tone
ineffective/inefficient functional movement strategies
cardiopulmonary impairments managed with ther-ex x3
decreased aerobic capacity
impaired circulation (lymph, venous, arterial)
pain w sustained physical activity (claudication)
integumentary impairment managed with ther-ex
skin hypomobility (immobile or adherent scarring)
categories of intervention x7
pt/client instruction
airway clearance
assistive technology
biophysical agents
functional training
integ. repair & protection techniques
manual therapy
motor function training
therapeutic exercise
ability of the patient to successfully manage a given load based on their current level of ability, impairments, & overall health
tolerance
variables that can be manipulated to create a therapeutic environment
- mode
- intensity
- volume
- frequency
- duration
load
The amount and type of physical stresses applied to specific tissues will result in predictable changes to that tissue
physical stress theory (PST)
volume
- resistance
- reps/sets
- length of hold
dose
resistance type
- body weight
- manual
- weights
stretch type
- passive
- dynamic
mode
slow, medium, fast
ballistic
isokinetic
speed
eccentric
isometric
concentric
contraction type
gravity eliminated
supported/unsupported
open/closed chain
patient position
factors that influence adherence to an exercise program
patient-related
health condition
program-related
autonomous motor learning
automatic
paying less attention
multitasking
adapts to changes
strategies of Autonomous Motor Learning x2
minimal feedback
discharge
variables that influence motor learning x3
pre-practice considerations
practice
feedback
KOP
feedback about nature/quality of performance
pre-practice considerations x4
patient understanding/interest
attention
demonstration
pre-practice verbal instructions
types of practice x7
part practice
whole practice
blocked-order practice
random-order practice
random/blocked order practice
physical practice
mental practice
types of feedback x4
knowledge of performance
knowledge of results
intrinsic
augmented (extrinsic)
intrinsic feedback
from sensory system - not therapist
immediately following or during task
proprioceptive, kinesthetic, tactile, visual, or auditory cues
KOR
feedback on outcome of a motor task
augmented (extrinsic)
sensory cues from PTA/PT
feedback during or at conclusion of task
verbal/tactile
feedback schedules x6
concurrent
immediate/post-response
delayed
summary
constant
variable
types of motor tasks x3
discrete
serial
continuous
discrete motor learning
Recognizable beginning and end
- Quad set
- Grasping object
- Locking wheelchair
serial motor learning
Series of discrete movements combined in a particular sequence
- Self-feeding
- Transfers
- Log roll technique
continuous motor tasks
Repetitive, uninterrupted movements with no distinct beginning/end
- Walking
- Cycling
- Stair climbing
progression of motor tasks x4
environment
body position
intertrial environment variability
manipulation of objects
stages of motor learning x3
cognitive
associative
autonomous
cognitive learning
Goal or purpose
Requirements of task
Getting the “feel”
Errors common
Strategies:
- Minimize distractions
- Frequent feedback
associative motor learning
Infrequent errors
Fine-tuning
Consistency/ efficiency
Exploring variations
Strategies:
- Infrequent feedback
- Different conditions
autonomous learning
Automatic
Paying less attention
Multitasking
Adapts to changes
Strategies:
- Minimal to no feedback
- Discharge
