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Ther-Ex > Balance > Flashcards

Balance Flashcards

1
Q

balance

A

Dynamic process by which the body’s position is maintained in equilibrium

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2
Q

COM - center of mass

A

Point that corresponds to the center of the total body mass
Point at which body is in perfect equilibrium

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3
Q

COG - center of gravity

A

Refers to the vertical projection of the COM to the ground
Typically located slightly anterior to 2nd sacral vertebra

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4
Q

BOS - base of support

A

The perimeter of contact area between the body and its support surface
Foot placement alters BOS & person’s postural stability

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5
Q

Body systems x3

A

neurological
musculoskeletal
cardiovascular

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6
Q

neurological

A

provides sensory processing, sensorimotor integration, and motor strategies

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7
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

contributes to postural alignment, flexibility/ROM, muscle performance, and sensation

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8
Q

cardiovascular

A

maintains adequate brain perfusion to prevent LOB due to orthostatic hypotension/altered consciousness

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9
Q

balance x 3

A

vision
sensation
vestibular

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10
Q

visual system

A
  • info on position of head relative to environment
  • orientation of head to **maintain level gaze
  • direction & speed of head movements
  • can improve stability through gaze fixation
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11
Q

vestibular

A
  • info on position & movement of head w respect to gravity inertial forces
    2 types:
  • vestibulospinal reflex:
  • vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR):
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12
Q

vestibulospinal reflex:

A

brings about postural changes to compensate for tilts/Movements of the body

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13
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex

A
  • stabilizes vision during head/body movements
    • running, vision isn’t bouncing arounds its more so stable
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14
Q

somatosensory

A
  • info on position/motion of body
  • input from:
    • mm proprioceptors (mm length/tension)
    • joint receptors (joint position, movement, stress)
    • skin mechanoreceptors (vibration, light touch, deep pressure, skin)
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15
Q
  • anteroposterior plane
  • quiet stance
  • small perturbations
A

ankle postural response

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16
Q
  • rapid/large perturbations
  • COG near limits of stability
  • hip flexion/extension
A

hip postural response

17
Q
  • larger forces
  • displacement of COM beyond LOS
  • forward/backward step
A

stepping postural response

18
Q
  • quickly lowering body COM
  • flexing of knees, ankles, hips
  • can combine w ankle/weight-shift
  • surface moving underneath you
A

suspension postural response

19
Q

is age a risk factor for falls in elders?

A

NOO!

20
Q

static

A
  • balance in place
  • Romberg test
  • sharpened (tandem) Romberg test
  • single-leg stance test
    interventions
  • vary postures
  • sharpened (tandem) Romberg
21
Q

types of postural control x4

A

steady-state control
reactive control
anticipatory control
adaptive control

22
Q

sensory input impairments = poor balance

A

peripheral neuropathies
vision loss/low vision
vestibular damage
- TBI
- aging
- viral infection; ear infection

23
Q

sensorimotor integration impairments

A

impaired processing of sensory information
damage to basal, ganglia, cerebellum, or supplementary motor area
- Parkinson’s Disease
- cerebellar CVA

24
Q

biomechanical/motor output impairments

A

musculoskeletal/neuromuscular deficits
- posture
- ROM
- strength
- pain
- motor control
- tone

25
Q

risk factors w aging x11

A
  • hx of falls
  • multiple medications
  • gait, balance, & mobility defecates
  • visual deficits
  • other neuro impairments
  • mm weakness
  • HR/rhythm abnormalities
  • postural hypotension
  • foot/footwear problems
  • environmental hazards
  • Dx of depression
26
Q

which (external/internal) is more effective for motor learning

A

external

27
Q

The sway boundaries in which an individual can maintain equilibrium without changing BOS

A

Limits of Stability
“how far can we shift before changing BOS”

28
Q

deficits for medications x5

A

Hypnotics
Sedatives
Tricyclic antidepressants
Tranquilizers
Antihypertensive drugs
- Hypotension

29
Q

static balances test

A

romberg test
sharpened tandem romberg
single leg stance test

30
Q

dynamic balance tests

A

five times sit to stand

31
Q

anticipatory balance tests

A

functional reach test
multidirectional reach test

32
Q

reactive balance test

A

pull test
push & release test

33
Q

sensory organization tests

A

modified CTSIB
balance error scoring system (BESS)

34
Q

functional activities tests

A

Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)
Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) or mini-BESTest
Four Square Step Test (FSST)
Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)

35
Q

Safety During Gait, Locomotion, or Balance tests

A

Fear of Falling
- Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)
- Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC)
Home assessments

Ther-Ex (15 decks)

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