Stress, Anxiety, and Somatic Disorders

Question 1

Fight or Flight Syndrome: HEENT

Answer 1

Eyes Dilate, inc secretion from lacrimal glands

Question 2

Fight or Flight Syndrome: Resp.

Answer 2

Inc rate/depth

Bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels dilate

Question 3

Fight or Flight Syndrome: C/V

Answer 3

Inc contractility, output, HR, and BP

Question 4

Fight or Flight Syndrome: GI

Answer 4

Dec motility and secretions
Sphincters contract
Liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis is increased and glycogen synthesis is decreased
Fat cells undergo lipolysis

Question 5

Fight or Flight Syndrome: Kidneys

Answer 5

Inc ureter motility

Question 6

Fight or Flight Syndrome: Bladder

Answer 6

Smooth muscle contracts while sphincter relaxes

Question 7

Fight or Flight Syndrome: Endocrine

Answer 7

Secretion from sweat glands increased

Question 8

Sustained stress

Answer 8

HPA axis stimulates release of:
ACTH
Mineralocorticoids
Vasopressin
Growth hormone
TSH
Gonadotropins

Question 9

Internal or external environmental cues perceived as

Answer 9

Within ability to cope
Exceeding resources, or
Endangering well-being

Question 10

Primary Appraisal: Individual’s judgment of stressor

Answer 10

Irrelevant
Benign-positive
Stress:
-Harm/loss already experienced
-Threat anticipated (focus on threat)
-Challenge: Focus on potential gain/growth

Question 11

Secondary Appraisal: assessment of coping

Answer 11

Resources
Knowledge
Ability to cope

Question 12

Outcome of stress appraisal

Answer 12

Interaction between primary/secondary appraisal

Determines individual’s quality of adaptation response

Question 13

Anxiety

Answer 13

An awareness of impending danger:

• Insidious, diffuse, vague, apprehension to unknown threat
• Unpleasant feelings of unease or helplessness
• Internal perception of threat, dread, either imminent or in the future

Question 14

Mild Anxiety

Answer 14

• Tensions of day-to-day living; not perceived as problematic; senses are sharpened; motivation, alertness, and learning are increased
• Adaptive and necessary for survival

Question 15

Moderate Anxiety

Answer 15

1. Confessional state with selective attention; inability to concentrate, learning is impaired; perceptions are distorted
2. Muscular tension increases; restless
3. In use of defense mechanisms

Question 16

Severe Anxiety (Pathological)

Answer 16

1. Concentration diminished or scattered
2. Attention severely limited
3. Inability to learn effectively
4. Physiological/somatic symptoms increase
5. Behavior aimed at relieving anxiety
6. Responses not proportionate to danger or threat
7. Responses continue beyond the potential danger
8. Intellectual, cognitive, social, or occupational functioning impaired
9. Neurosis

Question 17

Fight or Flight Syndrome (Initial Response)

Answer 17

Hypothalamus stimulates sympathetic nervous system
SN stimulates adrenal medulla
Adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and NE into the bloodstream