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Licensure > Developmental Aspects of Children and Adolescents > Flashcards

Developmental Aspects of Children and Adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Voluntary motor activity
Speaking activity
Elaboration of thought
Executive functions

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2
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Initial processing of visual input

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3
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Receives and processes sensory input

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4
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Emotions
Memory
Cognition
Speech

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5
Q

Limbic System

A 
Found in the temporal lobe
Comprised of the amygdala and the hippocampus
Regulates:
-Behavioral awareness
-Fear
-Social behavior
-Rage
-Sexual desire
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6
Q

Thalamus

A

Appetite

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7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates homeostatic function
Links the nervous and endocrine systems
Helps regulate emotion and basic behavioral patterns

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8
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Secretes hormones under the influence of the hypothalamus

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9
Q

Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)

A

Coordinates slow, sustained movements

Suppresses useless patterns of movement

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10
Q

Cerebellum

A

Maintains balance
Enhances muscle tone
Coordinates and helps plan skilled voluntary muscle activity
Chronic substance abuse effects lead to ataxia
Tested with Romberg

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11
Q

Trust v. Mistrust

A

Infancy
Goal: Develop trust in primary caretaker and generalize it to others
Failure: Difficulty receiving and giving

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12
Q

Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt

A

Early childhood (18m-3yr)
Goal: Gain some self-control and will power
Failure: Lack of self-confidence and rage against one’s self

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13
Q

Four lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

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14
Q

Initiative v. Guilt

A

Early childhood (3-6 yr)
Goal: To identify and direct his activities
Failure: Feelings of inadequacy and guilt

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15
Q

Industry v. Inferiority

A 
School age (6-12)
Goal: Self-confidence and peer recognition
Failure: Low self-esteem and poor interpersonal relations
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16
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor

A 
0 to 2 years:
Reflexive movements
Understanding of action and result 
Differentiate self from other objects
Hold mental image.
17
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational

A

2-7

  • Symbolic play and understanding
  • Only in present–no clear understanding of time
  • Non-contested respect for authority
  • Cannot distinguish real from fantasy
18
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational

A

7-11 years

  • Understanding of spatial relationships
  • Think about past and present
  • Begins to value others
19
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational

A

11-15+ years

  • Future thinking
  • Abstract thinking
  • Complex problem solving
20
Q

Ethological Theories

A

Study of animals extrapolated to us.

Conrad Lorenz with his geese showing imprinting.

21
Q

Attachment

A

Viewed as being similar to imprinting
Necessary for infants to survive
Broad attachments up to 6 months of age
More specific attachments after 6 months

22
Q

Hinde

A

Sensitive periods of development of:
-Language
-Emotional attachment
-Social relationships
Any deficit during sensitive periods may have adverse effect on child
-How severe the early deprivation?
-Which later environmental influences meet important needs?

23
Q

Piaget’s Moral Development Stages

A

Amoral
Moral Realism
Autonomous Morality

24
Q

Amoral Stage

A

0-7 years

No morals

25
Q

Moral Realism Stage

A

Child sees behavior as totally right or totally wrong
Right and wrong is based on consequences
Belief in imminent justice

26
Q

Autonomous Morality Stage

A

Attained late middle childhood or early adolescence
Right and wrong is based on social contracts
Considers how actions affect others

27
Q

Temperament

A

Characteristics of child that interact with environment

  • Rothbart: Defined 3 dimensions
  • Thomas & Chess: Focused on “goodness of fit” between child’s temperament and expectations of environment/caregivers
28
Q

Rothbart’s 3 dimensions of temperament

A

Extraversion/surgency
Negative affectivity
Effortful control

29
Q

HLA-B*1502 Allele in persons of Asian descent

A

FDA requirement to test for this allele before prescribing carbemazepine for risk for Stevens-Johnson

30
Q

Identity v. Role Confusion

A

Adolescence (12-20)
Goal: Development of a secure self identity
Failure: Lack of direction and confidence in self

31
Q

Affective Storms

A

Severe, violent, outbursts of irritability, anger, and attacking behavior. For Bipolar they must occur 3 times per week, and be present for a year.

32
Q

Mood Stabilizers for Children

A

Divalproate for age 2 and up
Tegretol for age 6 and up
Lithium for 12 and up

Licensure (24 decks)

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