Developmental Aspects of Children and Adolescents Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Voluntary motor activity
Speaking activity
Elaboration of thought
Executive functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Initial processing of visual input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Receives and processes sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Emotions
Memory
Cognition
Speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Limbic System

A
Found in the temporal lobe
Comprised of the amygdala and the hippocampus
Regulates:
-Behavioral awareness
-Fear
-Social behavior
-Rage
-Sexual desire
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thalamus

A

Appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates homeostatic function
Links the nervous and endocrine systems
Helps regulate emotion and basic behavioral patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Secretes hormones under the influence of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)

A

Coordinates slow, sustained movements

Suppresses useless patterns of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cerebellum

A

Maintains balance
Enhances muscle tone
Coordinates and helps plan skilled voluntary muscle activity
Chronic substance abuse effects lead to ataxia
Tested with Romberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trust v. Mistrust

A

Infancy
Goal: Develop trust in primary caretaker and generalize it to others
Failure: Difficulty receiving and giving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt

A

Early childhood (18m-3yr)
Goal: Gain some self-control and will power
Failure: Lack of self-confidence and rage against one’s self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Four lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Initiative v. Guilt

A

Early childhood (3-6 yr)
Goal: To identify and direct his activities
Failure: Feelings of inadequacy and guilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Industry v. Inferiority

A
School age (6-12)
Goal: Self-confidence and peer recognition
Failure: Low self-esteem and poor interpersonal relations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor

A
0 to 2 years:
Reflexive movements
Understanding of action and result 
Differentiate self from other objects
Hold mental image.
17
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational

A

2-7

  • Symbolic play and understanding
  • Only in present–no clear understanding of time
  • Non-contested respect for authority
  • Cannot distinguish real from fantasy
18
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational

A

7-11 years

  • Understanding of spatial relationships
  • Think about past and present
  • Begins to value others
19
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational

A

11-15+ years

  • Future thinking
  • Abstract thinking
  • Complex problem solving
20
Q

Ethological Theories

A

Study of animals extrapolated to us.

Conrad Lorenz with his geese showing imprinting.

21
Q

Attachment

A

Viewed as being similar to imprinting
Necessary for infants to survive
Broad attachments up to 6 months of age
More specific attachments after 6 months

22
Q

Hinde

A

Sensitive periods of development of:
-Language
-Emotional attachment
-Social relationships
Any deficit during sensitive periods may have adverse effect on child
-How severe the early deprivation?
-Which later environmental influences meet important needs?

23
Q

Piaget’s Moral Development Stages

A

Amoral
Moral Realism
Autonomous Morality

24
Q

Amoral Stage

A

0-7 years

No morals

25
Moral Realism Stage
Child sees behavior as totally right or totally wrong Right and wrong is based on consequences Belief in imminent justice
26
Autonomous Morality Stage
Attained late middle childhood or early adolescence Right and wrong is based on social contracts Considers how actions affect others
27
Temperament
Characteristics of child that interact with environment - Rothbart: Defined 3 dimensions - Thomas & Chess: Focused on "goodness of fit" between child's temperament and expectations of environment/caregivers
28
Rothbart's 3 dimensions of temperament
Extraversion/surgency Negative affectivity Effortful control
29
HLA-B*1502 Allele in persons of Asian descent
FDA requirement to test for this allele before prescribing carbemazepine for risk for Stevens-Johnson
30
Identity v. Role Confusion
Adolescence (12-20) Goal: Development of a secure self identity Failure: Lack of direction and confidence in self
31
Affective Storms
Severe, violent, outbursts of irritability, anger, and attacking behavior. For Bipolar they must occur 3 times per week, and be present for a year.
32
Mood Stabilizers for Children
Divalproate for age 2 and up Tegretol for age 6 and up Lithium for 12 and up