Stress and Coping Flashcards
mental, emotional, or physical response and adaptation to real (or perceived) changes and challenges.
Stress
Divorce/Marriage, Job related, Family issues, Physical disability are all considered ______ type of stressors
Emotional/Psychological
Infection, Heat/Cold, Trauma, Fatigue , Pain are all considered _____ type of stressors
Physical
Tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, tremors are all considered ______ type of stressors
Physiological
Why is stress considered a normal physiological process?
Body’s defense mechanism to maintain homeostasis
Hypothalamus—CRH (corticotrophin-releasing hormone)—-anterior/posterior pituitary gland—-ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)—cortisol
Stress Response system
CRF—-Sympathic Nervous System—-release neurotransmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine is known as the
“Flight or Fight” response
Describes stress as a “dynamic process” that includes a transaction between a person and their environment.
Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping
The most common and frequent type of stress; short term and can be positive or negative; Causes an immediate reaction and triggers the fight-or-flight response.
Acute Stress
a traffic jam, an argument with your spouse, criticism from your boss are all example of ______ stress
Acute
Occurs when someone experiences frequent bouts of acute stress. “Constant worriers”; Over time, can negatively impact relationships, work, and overall health
Episodic-Acute Stress
A disabling condition that occurs when stress levels are heightened, constant, and prolonged; Associated with hopelessness. Leads to physical health issues
Chronic Stress
Health history, assessing cognition, personal appearance, grooming, facial expressions, behavior are all ways a Nurse can
Assess for stress
A threatening situation in which a person experiences an intensive behavioral, emotional, or psychiatric response triggered by a precipitating event.
Crisis
What is so debilitating about Crisis?
People who are in crisis feel helpless; don’t believe they have the resources to deal with the constant stressor
Refusal to accept reality or facts
Denial
Unsavory thoughts, painful memories, or irrational beliefs that are unconsicouly hidden in your mind but has the ability to influence behaviors and impacts future relationships
Repression
Some thoughts or feelings you have about another person may make you uncomfortable; convicing yourself that a coworker doesn’t like you because you don’t like that coworker
Projection
Directing strong emotions and frustrations toward a person or object that doesn’t feel threatening; yelling at your child or spouse because you had a bad day at work
Displacement
People who feel threatened or anxious may unconsciously “escape” to an earlier stage of development; chain smoking, sleeping with a stuffed animal, biting fingernails, etc.
Regression
Some people may attempt to explain undesirable behaviors with their own set of “facts.” This allows you to feel comfortable with the choice you made, even if you know on another level it’s not right
Rationalization
People who rely on it choose to redirect strong emotions or feelings into an object or activity that is appropriate and safe; instead of yelling at family members, you channel it into running a mile
Sublimination
People who use this defense mechanism recognize how they feel, but they choose to behave in the opposite manner of their instincts.
Reaction Formation
Separating your life into independent sectors may feel like a way to protect many elements of it; choosing not to talk about your personal life at work
Compartmentilization
When you’re hit with a trying situation, you may choose to remove all emotion from your responses and instead focus on quantitative facts
Intellectualization
An Individual’s response to stress; can be positive or negative; actions taken to minimize or reduce the stressor to get back to a state of homeostasis, well-being, and health.
Coping
Education, Social Support, Relaxation Techniques, Counseling are all considered _____ coping
Positive
Substance abuse, Promiscuity, Self Harm, Excessive eating or sleeping are all considered _____ coping
Negative/Maladaptive
What should do you when a patient has ineffective impulse control?
Convey a nonjudgmental attitude.
Practice stress management techniques.
Offer support and encouragement.
Encourage participation in activities, such as exercise that can temporarily relieve feelings of inner tension.
What side effects for alprazolam should the nurse monitor?
Tolerance
Anxiety
Sedation
Respiratory Depression
