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Nursing 1 > Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells.

A

Gas Exchange

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2
Q

When a patient is diagnosed with a Upper Respiratory Infection, what structures could be included?

A

Mouth, Nose, Pharynx (Throat), and Larynx (Voice box)

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3
Q

Lack of oxygen

A

Hypoxia

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4
Q

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

A

Dyspnea

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5
Q

When a patient has a Lower Respiratory Infection, what structures could be included?

A

Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Pulmonary capillary network, Pleural membranes

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6
Q

Limited amount of oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

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7
Q

Restricted blood flow or blood supply to an organ or another part of the body

A

Ischemia

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8
Q

Process of oxygen passively diffusing from the alveoli to the blood, where the oxygen attaches to the hemoglobin or dissolves in the plasma.

A

Oxygenation

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9
Q

Oxygenated blood is transferred to the _____ while deoxygenated blood is transferred to the _____.

A

Capillaries; Lungs

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10
Q

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

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11
Q

Lungs inhale—the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward; additonally, the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward. This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside. As a result, air rushes in and fills the lungs.

A

The process of Inspiration

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12
Q

In a mild impairment of respiratory distress, what are some signs and symptoms?

A

Increased Respiratory Rate and/or Increased Heart Rate

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13
Q

When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases. As a result, the lungs contract and air is forced out.

A

The process of expiration

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14
Q

97% of Oxygen is dissolved in _____ while 3% of Oxygen is diffused in _____

A

Hemoglobin; Plasma

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15
Q

In a severe case of respiratory distress, what are some signs and symptoms?

A

Ischemia, Necrosis, Acidosis

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16
Q

Smoking, Chronic Respiratory Conditions (COPD, CF), altered mental state, Neurologic Disorders are all

A

Risk Factors

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17
Q

What populations are at greatest risk for respiratory distress/illness/condition?

A

Children (mainly newborns and infants) and Older Adults1

18
Q

What are some reasons why older adults are at risk?

A

Slight increase in respiratory rate

Less blood flow to alveoli

anatomical and physiolgical changes (Weaker respiratory muscles, Reduced effectiveness of cough, Reduced gag reflexes)

19
Q

What are some reasons why children are most at risk?

A

Irregular respiratory patterns, Infants are nose breathers until 3 months, Abdominal breathing until age 5-7, More prone to airway collapse and blockage, Higher oxygen demand
Higher risk of respiratory failure

20
Q

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma (functional lung tissue) resulting from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection

A

Pnuemonia

21
Q

What are some mild/moderate signs of pnuemonia?

A

Fever, Low oyxgen saturation, Tachypnea, Tachycardia

22
Q

What are some severe signs and symptoms of pnuemonia?

A

Respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths per minute
Hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg)
Heart rate greater than 125 beats per minute
Body temperature less than 95°F (35°C) or greater than 104°F (40°C

23
Q

What lab test measures for alkaosis or acidosis?

A

Artierial blood gas

24
Q

What tests are available for ruling out pnuemonia?

A

Chest X-Ray, sputium culture, CT scan, etc.

25
Q

Infection Control, Smoking Cessisation, and Immunizations are all considered

A

Primary Preventions

26
Q

What is the purpose of an Incentive Spirometer?

A

encourage deep breathing

lung expansion and mucus clearance

allows people to retrain their lungs to take slower and fuller breaths and optimize ventilation

27
Q

Delivers up to 6L/min of Oxygen; most common, most comfortable, less expensive

A

Nasal Cannula

28
Q

Short term oxygen; mainly used during transport

A

Oxygen face mask

29
Q

Simple mask with reservoir bag attached, Reservoir bag filled with oxygen, Delivers 50%-75% oxygen to patient

A

Partial Rebreather Mask

30
Q

One-way valves between mask and bag, One-way valves on side of mask, Prevents rebreathing of CO2, Delivers 90% oxygen to patient

A

Nonrebreather Mask

31
Q

Most accurate oxygen concentration, Oxygen concentration 24%-60%

A

Venturti Mask

32
Q

Indicated for high-humidity oxygen concentration; Post upper airway surgery

A

Aerosol Mask

33
Q

Facial trauma, Burns, Upper airway surgery

A

Face Tent

34
Q

Delivers heated and humidified medical gas; Up to 60 L/min

A

High flow Nasal Cannula

35
Q

Deilvers oxygenated air into your airways through a mask and a tube. The pressurized air prevents your airways from collapsing, which allows you to breathe continuously while you sleep

A

CPAP (Continuous Postive Airway Pressure) Machine

36
Q

Increase the pressure when you inhale to keep the airways in the nose and throat from closing while you are sleeping, and provide a lower pressure during exhalation that continues to maintain an open airway.

A

BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure)

37
Q

What class of drug activates the beta 2 receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation?

A

Adrenergics/Bronchodilators

38
Q

What are some adrenergic bronchildilators?

A 
Albuterol
Formoterol
Levalbuterol
Salmeterol
Terbutaline
39
Q

What are adrenergic bronchildilators used for?

A

Asthma

40
Q

What are some adverse reactions to adrenergic bronchodilators?

A

tachycardia
palpitations
cough
migraine

Nursing 1 (11 decks)

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