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Sports Psychology - Physical Education > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

What is stress? Give an example

A

A negative response of the body to a threat causing anxiety
Eg feelings of apprehension and anxiety during the warm up of a show jumping final

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2
Q

What is eustress? Give an example

A

A positive response of the body to a threat or a challenge once it has been overcome
Eg extreme sports such as sky diving, challenging yourself to jump from a higher height

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3
Q

What is a stressor? Give an example

A

The cause of a stressful response
Eg local derbies

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4
Q

What does eustress do to a performer

A

Makes them want to achieve
Tests their abilities
Provides an adrenaline rush
Heightens emotions
Enhances performance
Gives them intrinsic satisfaction
Boosts confidence

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5
Q

What does anxiety and stress do to a performer

A

Increases arousal
Makes them lose concentration
Creates a feeling of apprehension
Forces attentional narrowing
Decreases performance levels
Creates a fear of failure
Sweating, muscle tension, nausea and increase HR

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6
Q

What are some examples of stressors in sport

A

Frustration
Fear of failure
Nature of crowd
Media pressure
Attitude of coach
Importance of event
Status of opponent
Extrinsic reward
Injury

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7
Q

What does somatic stress cause

A

Increased HR
Increase in sweating
Nausea
Muscular tension

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8
Q

What does cognitive stress

A

Negative thinking
Feeling of inability to cope with the demands of the situation
Loss of concentration- attention narrowing

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9
Q

What is attention narrowing? What can this lead to

A

As arousal increases, the ability to take information or cues from the environment is reduced
This can lead to information being missed and fear of failure and worry being felt by the performer

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10
Q

How can a warmup impact/reduces stress

A

Reduces cognitive and somatic stress
Focuses the performer on the activity
Improves concentration
Controls HR
Reduces muscle tension

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11
Q

What are the somatic stress management techniques

A

Progressive muscle relaxation
Centring
Biofeedback

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12
Q

What is progressive muscle relaxation

A

Using recorded instructions, the performer alternates between a state of tension in a group of muscles and a state of relaxation in those same muscles

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13
Q

Where does progressive muscle relaxation work from and to?

A

The periphery of the body to the core

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14
Q

What is centring? What is it used for?

A

A form of breathing control where the performer learns to relax the shoulders and chest whilst concentrating on the slow movements of the abdominals when taking deep controlled breaths
Used to divert attention from a stressful situation

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15
Q

What does biofeedback use? Give examples

A

Uses a measuring device to help the athlete recognise the physical change that will happen under stress
Heart rate monitor recognises an increase in HR
Galvanic skin response measures an increase in electrical activity when sweating
Electromyography measures muscle tension

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16
Q

What do the devices help the athlete with during biofeedback

A

It helps the athlete to recognise changes in their body without the measuring device so they can use stress management techniques to reduce physiological responses

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17
Q

What is imagery? What is it used for

A

The performer can recall the actual movement in the mind
Used to recall a successful image of the action from the past

18
Q

How do some performers avoid stress using imagery

A

Some performers use imagery to avoid stressful situations by imagining a calm place

19
Q

What is visualisation

A

Uses a mental image of the skill
The image is relived when the skill is performed for real

20
Q

What can visualisation and imagery both be? How are these defined?

A

Internal and external
Internal - looks at emotions and feelings of a skill
External - focuses on the environment almost as if the player is watching themselves on television

21
Q

What are the cognitive stress management techniques

A

Thought stopping
Positive self talk
Mental rehearsal
Psychological skills training

22
Q

What is thought stopping? What triggers thought stopping?

A

When negative thoughts occur a learned action is used to remove them
The physical action or cue can be a simple movement or rehearsed action linked to the thought used to redirect attention eg pinching yourself

23
Q

What is positive self talk?

A

Player replaces negative thoughts with positive words

24
Q

What can positive self talk be used for

A

To help with focus or to overcome weakness

25
Q

What is mental rehearsal

A

The process of going over movements of a task in the mind before the action takes place

26
Q

When is mental rehearsal most effective

A

In calm situations prior to the event

27
Q

What is psychological skills training

A

Performer trains and practices uses any cognitive stress management techniques

28
Q

What does Niddefers 1976 research show? What does this ensure

A

That attentional wastage can be prevented if attentional styles are carried out to suit the situation happening
This ensures that performance levels are maintained

29
Q

What are Niddefers 4 styles of attention

A

Broad
Narrow
External
Internal

30
Q

What is the broad attentional style

A

When a number of cues can be identified

31
Q

What is the narrow attentional style

A

When it is best to focus on one or two cues

32
Q

What is the external attentional style

A

When information is drawn from the environment

33
Q

What is the internal attentional style

A

When info is drawn from within the performer

34
Q

What do broad and external cues pick up? Give an example

A

A wide range of cues from the environment
Eg position of players on a netball court

35
Q

What do broad, internal cues focus on? Give an example

A

Mental analysis of numerous cues
Eg analysing games and plan tactics

36
Q

What do narrow, external cues focus on? Give an example

A

Focus is directed to one environmental cue
Eg a golfer concentrating pm putting into a hole

37
Q

What do narrow, internal cues focus on? Give an example

A

Mental practice of one of two important cues
Eg concentrating on a weakness

38
Q

What is attentional narrowing

A

As stress arousal increases, the ability to take in information decreases

39
Q

How is the ability to process info linked to moderate levels of arousal

A

Moderate levels of stress and arousal mean that the performer picks up relevant information and performance can be successful

40
Q

How is the ability to process info linked to low levels of arousal

A

Low levels mean that the performer is able to process lots of cues meaning confusion is caused as there is too much info

41
Q

How is the ability to process info linked to high levels of arousal

A

High levels of stress and arousal means that only limited info can be processed which may cause important info to be missed - attentional wastage

Sports Psychology - Physical Education (8 decks)

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