Group Dynamics And Cohesion Flashcards
Define group dynamics
A group of individuals working towards achieving the same goal, performing different functions to make the team complete
What are the 4 key characteristics of group dynamics
Collective identity
Communication
Interaction
Shared goals/purpose
What is collective identity? What does it create
Team can be recognised easily since they are all wearing the same kit etc
This creates a sense of affiliation and pride, and a sense of belonging
What is interaction
Team members operate their own role successfully and link with other members to work together and complete the task
What is communication? What does it help with
Talking to each other and communicating non verbally
Helps with interaction
How does shared goals and purpose help a team? What does it give them?
The prospect of achieving success is what keeps players in the team and working for each other
It gives them the same aim and maximum motivation
What is cohesion
The shared tendencies for individuals to work together to achieve their goals, it is the forces that keep a group on task
What does Tuckmans model show
The process of group formation
What are the 4 stages of Tuckmans model
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Describe forming
Group members come together
Roles and responsibilities are unclear
Members start to work together and decide if they fit in the group
Describe storming
The stage where many teams fail as there is conflict
Relationships are strained
There is lots of competition for positions
Authority is questioned and boundaries are pushed
The goal is unclear or questioned
Describe norming
Conflicts are resolved and goals are clarified
There is more commitment to achieving goals
Authority figures are respected
Teammates become appreciative of each other and their strengths
Task and social cohesion occurs
Describe performing
Players can interact effectively
There is a full commitment to achieving team goals
Individual roles and responsibilities are completely understood
What can impact the process of group formation
Size of the group
Difficulty of the task
Level of experience
What are the 2 types of cohesion
Task and social cohesion
Define task cohesion
Individuals working together to achieve an end result
Define social cohesion
Individuals relating to each other to interact in the group
According to Carrons Antecedents what are the environmental factors influencing task and social cohesion
Group size
Time available
According to Carrons Antecedents what are the personal factors influencing task and social cohesion
Similarity of group members
Fitness
Acceptance of roles
According to Carrons Antecedents what are the leadership factors influencing task and social cohesion
Leadership styles
Team relationship with leaders
According to Carrons Antecedents what are the team factors influencing task and social cohesion
Desire for success
Team stability/status
Group productivity
Shared experience
According to Carrons Antecedents what are the group outcomes of task and social cohesion
Performance effectiveness
Relative performance effectiveness
According to Carrons Antecedents what are the personal outcomes of task and social cohesion
Behaviour
Personal satisfaction
Performance effectiveness
What is the equation in Steiners model of team performance
Actual productivity = Potential productivity - Losses due to faulty processes
What is actual productivity in Steiners equation
The outcome of group performance
What is potential productivity in Steiners equation
The best performance based on player ability and group resources
What are losses due to faulty processes in Steiners equation
The things that go wrong to reduce group outcomes and prevent group potential from being reached
What are the 2 types of problems leading to faulty processes
Co ordination problems
Motivation problems
What are the types of coordination problems
Problems with:
Tactics
Strategies
Communication
Interaction required in sport
What are the types of motivation problems
Social loading
Ringlemann effect
What is social loafing
Where individuals lose motivation due to lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised
What will social loafers do?
Coast their way through the game
Hide behind other team members
Take the easy option
Make limited contributions to the team
What are the causes of social loafing
Lack of confidence
Negative attitudes
Poor leadership from a captain or coach
Lack of incentives or reinforcements
Not accepting your given role on the team
Not understanding your given role on the team
Lack of fitness
Goals may lack meaning or be too general
How can social loafing be avoided
Goal setting
Video analysis to get feedback
Use smaller groups in training
Improving player fitness
Assign roles to performers
Recognising reward and effort
What is the Ringlemann effect? What was the study and what did it show?
When group performance decreases with group size
A study of tug of war found that individual efforts within the group reduced as the group size increased
What can reduce social loafing
Individual goal setting
Giving performers specific roles
Promoting motivation
Using statistics
Rewarding contribution to the team
What can reduce co ordination problems
Setting goals
Involving everyone in goal setting
Giving performers specific roles
Having clear tactics
Promoting motivation
Maintaining communication
Getting fitter
What can promote cohesion
Involving everyone in goal setting
Establishing a group identity
Having team meetings to resolve conflict
Setting individual goals
Setting more challenging goals
