Agression And Assertion

Question 1

What is the definition of aggression

Answer 1

Hostile behaviour with intent to harm outside of the rules

Question 2

What is the definition of assertion

Answer 2

Well motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 3

What are the characteristics of aggression

Answer 3

Intent to harm
Outside of the rules
Reactive
Out of control
Deliberate and hostile

Question 4

What are the characteristics of assertion

Answer 4

Controlled
Well motivated
Generally within the rules
Goal directed
No intent to harm

Question 5

What are the 4 theories of aggression

Answer 5

Instinct theory
Frustration-aggression theory
Social learning theory
Aggressive theory

Question 6

What is instinct theory

Answer 6

A theory that claims that all performers are born with an aggressive instinct that will surface if the performer is provoked

Question 7

What does instinct theory suggest about aggression

Answer 7

That it is spontaneous and innate

Question 8

According to instinct theory, what does a performer experience once the athlete has been aggressive?

Answer 8

An emotion called catharsis

Question 9

What is catharsis

Answer 9

A cleanse of the emotions where sport is used as an outlet for aggression

Question 10

What is the advantage of instinct theory

Answer 10

According to observers of this theory, sport can be used as an outlet for aggression that could otherwise surface in a different situation and see catharsis as a benefit of competitive games

Question 11

What is the limitations of instinct theory

Answer 11

Not all aggression is reactive and spontaneous, some is learned and pre-intended
Some athletes don’t experience catharsis and instead become more aggressive and can continue to display aggressive behaviours after the game

Question 12

What is frustration aggression theory

Answer 12

The theory that inevitable aggression occurs when goals are blocked and the performer becomes frustrated
Frustration then prevents them from achieving their aim

Question 13

How is frustration-aggression theory similar to instinct theory

Answer 13

They both suggest that a performer has innate aggressive tendencies

Question 14

What are the advantages of frustration-aggression theory

Answer 14

Aggressive behaviour acts as an outlet/catharsis for built up frustration which allows the performer to focus on the task at hand and control or compose themselves

Question 15

What are the limitations of frustration-aggression theory

Answer 15

If the aggression leads to punishment and not success the performer will become increasingly more frustrated, leading to a worsening decline in performance

Question 16

What is social learning theory

Answer 16

The theory suggests we learn aggression by associating with others and copying their behaviours
Observe > identify > reinforce > copy

Question 17

What are the advantages of social learning theory

Answer 17

Aggressive behaviour is only copied if it is consistent/powerful and has a successful outcome
If negative consequences or punishment is observed after certain behaviours, they are less likely to be copied

Question 18

What are the limitations of social learning theory

Answer 18

Aggression can be instinctive and reactive rather than being learned
Some players react aggressively without being in a situation where they can observe and copy others

Question 19

What is aggressive cue theory

Answer 19

Suggests an increased frustration will lead to increased arousal levels and a drive towards aggressive responses
Suggests aggression occurs due to a learned trigger - aggressive response will only happen if certain learned cues are present

Question 20

What are the advantages of aggressive cue theory

Answer 20

Aggression can be triggered in situations where the performer previously was not aggressive but was at a disadvantage, to gain an advantage over the opponent

Question 21

What are the limitations of aggressive cue theory

Answer 21

Aggression can be instinctive and reactive rather than being learned
Some players react aggressively with out being in a situation where they can observe and copy others

Question 22

What are some strategies to control aggression

Answer 22

Not enforcing aggressive strategies/tactics in training
Punishments for aggressive behaviour
Removing aggressive player from a situation
Reinforce non-aggressive rules and set non-aggressive goals
Use mental rehearsal/positive self talk to lower arousal
Channel aggression into assertion