STREPTOCOCCUS AND ENTEROCOCCUS Flashcards
1
Q
Which media streptococcus more pronounced growth?
A
Enriched media with blood or serum
2
Q
Which media streptococcus has poor growth?
A
Nutrient media such as Trypticase Soy Agar
3
Q
Enumerate the biochemical test in streptococcus
A
- Catalase test
- CAMP
- Bile esculin test
- Salt Tolerance Test
- PYR Hydrolysis Test
- Sodium Hippurate Hydrolysis Test
- Bacitracin susceptibility test
- SXTsusceptibility test
4
Q
What are the three classification of streptococcus
A
- Smith and brown
- Lancefield
- Academic/Bergy
5
Q
Members of academic/bergy
A
- Lactic
- Pyogenic
- Viridans
- Entero
6
Q
Members of smith and brown
A
- alpha
- beta
- gamma
7
Q
Members of lancefield
A
Group A-G
8
Q
It is according to temperature
A
Academic bergy’s
9
Q
It is according to hemolysis
A
Smith and brown
10
Q
It is according to C Carbohydrate of cell wall
A
Lancefielf
11
Q
Members of alpha-hemolytic
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
12
Q
Members of beta-hemolytic
A
- S. equisimilis
- S. pyogenes
- S. agalactiae
- E. faecalis
13
Q
Members of gamma-hemolytic
A
Viridans group
14
Q
Member of Group A
A
- Streptococcus pyogenes
15
Q
Member of Group B
A
Streptococcus agalactiae
16
Q
Members or Group C
A
- S. equisimilis
- S. equi
17
Q
Members or Group D Entero
A
- E. faecalis
- E. faecium
18
Q
Members of Group D Non-entero
A
- Streptococcus bovis
- Streptococcus equinus
19
Q
What is the cultural colony morphology of streptococci
A
- pinpoint, gray to white
20
Q
What is the shape of S. Pneumoniae?
A
- Lancet-shaped
21
Q
Describe the microsopic morphology of strep
A
- gram positive cocci in chains
22
Q
What is the result of Strep in catalase test?
A
- negative in catalase
23
Q
procedure to presumptively identify BETA HEMOLYTIC Group B
A
- CAMP TEST
24
Q
Susceptibility test for the presumptive identification of alpha hemolytic strep especially s. pneumoniae
A
- TAXO P or OPT test
25
What culture medium is used in CAMP test?
- BAP
26
What is the known organism in camp test?
Staphylococcus aureus
27
What is the unknown organism in camp test?
- Streptococcus agalactiae
28
What is the positive reaction of camp test?
- arrowhead / arrowhead hemolysis
29
S. Aureus and S. agalactiae are both _____hemolytic
Beta-hemolytic
30
Presumptively identify Group D strep
- Bile esculin test
31
Positive reaction of bile esculin test
- blackening of medium
32
Determining the ability of bacteria to tolerate growth in a medium with high salt concentration
- Salt Tolerance test
33
What is the medium used in salt tolerance test?
- Brain Heart Infusion Broth + 10% sodium chloride
34
What is the positive reaction of salt tolerance test?
- turbid
35
what is the negative result of STT?
- clear
36
Test used to identify enterococci
- Salt Tolerance Test
37
Used to identify group A and D
- PYR Hydrolysis Test
38
Used to identify group B strep
- Hippurate Test
39
Bacitracin also referred to as ______
- TAXO A
40
If there’s zone of inhibition it indicates that the species you have isolated are strep except Group A and B (resistant)
- Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim
41
Optochin test also referred to as
- TAXO P
42
What is the active component of OPT disk test?
- ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride
43
To identify as susceptible, the measurement of optochin test should be ____
Equal or greater than 14 mm
44
Which biochemical tests differentiates GROUP A?
- bacitracin test
- PYR hydrolysis test
- Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim
45
Which biochemical tests differentiates GROUP B?
- CAMP test
- Sodium Hippurate Hydrolysis test
- SXT
46
Susceptible in TAXO P
- S. pneumoniae
47
What is the enzyme of bile esculin test?
- esculinase
48
Rapid latex test system for use in the qualitative detection and identification of the lancefield group of streptococci
Streptex
49
What is the enzyme in hippurate test?
Hippuricase
50
Detectsd by the oxidation with ninhydrin reagent which results in the production of a deep purple color
Glycine
51
Detect carbohydrate component of the cell wall of streptococci
Serological test
52
What is the positive reaction in streptex?
Agglutination [Group A strep]
53
What is the negative reaction for streptex?
No agglutination [S. Agalactiae]
54
Enumerate the GAS infection
- Bacterial Pharyngitis
- Pyodermal infections
- Necrotizing Fasciitis
- Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
- poststreptococcal sequelae
55
What is the drug of choice for GAS (Group A Streptococcus)
Penicillin
56
If allergic to penicillin what is the other antibiotic that can be used?
Erythromycin
57
Most often seen in children between 5 and 15 years of age
Strep throat
58
What is the mode of transmission in bacterial pharyngitis?
Droplets and close contact
59
How long is the incubation for bacterial pharyngitis?
1-4 days incubation period
60
What are the symptoms for strep throat or bacterial pharyngitis?
- sore throat
- malaise
- fever
- headache
- nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
- tonsils and pharynx are inflamed
61
What are the common clinical manifestations of streptococcus pyogenes?
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis
62
A localized skin disease, begins as small vesicles that progress to weeping lesions; inoculation of organisms through minor abrasions or insect bites
Impetigo
63
Followed by deeper invasion of streptococci; life threatening with bacteremia or sepsis
Cellulitis
64
Patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes leads to ________
Gangrene
65
Rare infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues observed frequently in elderly patients
Erysipelas
66
Acute spreading, intenselyerythematous with plainly demarcated but irregular edge
Erysipelas
67
Cause by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin
Scarlet fever
68
Diffuse red rash on upper chest and spreads to the trunk and extremities
Scarlet fever
69
What are the other name of necrotizing fasciitis
- Flesh eating disease or syndrome.
- suppurative fasciitis
- hospital gangrene
- necrotizing erysipelas
70
An invasive infection characterized by rapidly progressing inflammation and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia
Necrotizing fasciitis
71
A condition in which the entire organ system collapses, leading to death
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
72
What are the two serious complications or sequelae of GAS
- Rheumatic fever
- acute glomerulonephritis
73
Characterized by fever and inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels and subcutaneous tissues
Rheumatic fever
74
Follows after cutaneous or pharyngeal infection
Acute glomerulonephritis
75
Follows after streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis
Rheumatic fever
76
Only species that expresses group b antigen
Streptococcus agalactiae
77
Significant cause of invasive disease in newborn
Streptococcus agalactiae
78
Two clinical syndromes associated with neonatal GBS disease
Early onset infection and late onset infe
79
Pneumonia and sepsis
Early onset infection
80
Meningitis and sepsis
Late onset infection
81
GBS affects two types of patients
Young and elderly person
82
What is the drug of choice for GBS?
Penicillin
83
Some clinicians recommend a combination of _______ anf _______
Ampicillin and aminoglycosides
84
Large colony forms
Streptococcus dysagalactiae subsp equisimilis
85
Small colony forms
Streptococcus angunosus group (viridans group)
86
Streptococcus pneumoniae also known as
Pneumococcus or diplococcus
87
S. Pneumoniae is a member of
Streptococcus mitis group
88
What is the hemolysis of s. pneumoniae
Alpha-hemolytic
89
What are the predisposing factors of lobar pneumonia
- Alcoholism
- Anesthesia
- Malnutrition
90
Round glistening wet mucoid dome shaped appearance
Young cultures
91
Coin with a raised rim appearance
Old cultures
92
Determines the lysis of S. Pneumoniae in the presencr of bile salts
For streptococcus pneumoniae only
Bile solubility test
93
What is the indicator of inulin fermentation?
Phenol red
94
What bacteria can ferment inulin?
S. Pneumoniae
95
What is the color of positive reaction of inulin fermentation?
Yellow
96
Antibodies bind to the bacterial capsule of s. pneumoniae and antibody reaction allows the bacteria to be visualized under microscope
Capsular swelling reaction or neuffeld quellung
97
What are the reagents in nueffeld quellung?
Methylene blue + antitoxin + bacteria
98
Test for previous infection
Francis skin test
99
Positive reaction for francis skin test
Wheale formation
100
Who is the german microbiologist who identified s. pneumoniae which is caused of death when injected to mouse
Fred nuefeld
101
What is the drug of choicr for s. pneumoniae
Penicillin
102
If penicillin resistance in s. pneumoniae
erythromycin or chloramphenicol
103
Viridans means
Green
104
Most commonly isolated among the viridans streptococci
Primary contributor to dental carries
Streptococcus mutans
