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Bact211 > STREPTOCOCCUS AND ENTEROCOCCUS > Flashcards

STREPTOCOCCUS AND ENTEROCOCCUS Flashcards

1
Q

Which media streptococcus more pronounced growth?

A

Enriched media with blood or serum

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2
Q

Which media streptococcus has poor growth?

A

Nutrient media such as Trypticase Soy Agar

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3
Q

Enumerate the biochemical test in streptococcus

A
  • Catalase test
  • CAMP
  • Bile esculin test
  • Salt Tolerance Test
  • PYR Hydrolysis Test
  • Sodium Hippurate Hydrolysis Test
  • Bacitracin susceptibility test
  • SXTsusceptibility test
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4
Q

What are the three classification of streptococcus

A
  • Smith and brown
  • Lancefield
  • Academic/Bergy
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5
Q

Members of academic/bergy

A
  • Lactic
  • Pyogenic
  • Viridans
  • Entero
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6
Q

Members of smith and brown

A
  • alpha
  • beta
  • gamma
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7
Q

Members of lancefield

A

Group A-G

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8
Q

It is according to temperature

A

Academic bergy’s

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9
Q

It is according to hemolysis

A

Smith and brown

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10
Q

It is according to C Carbohydrate of cell wall

A

Lancefielf

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11
Q

Members of alpha-hemolytic

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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12
Q

Members of beta-hemolytic

A
  • S. equisimilis
  • S. pyogenes
  • S. agalactiae
  • E. faecalis
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13
Q

Members of gamma-hemolytic

A

Viridans group

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14
Q

Member of Group A

A
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
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15
Q

Member of Group B

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

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16
Q

Members or Group C

A
  • S. equisimilis
  • S. equi
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17
Q

Members or Group D Entero

A
  • E. faecalis
  • E. faecium
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18
Q

Members of Group D Non-entero

A
  • Streptococcus bovis
  • Streptococcus equinus
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19
Q

What is the cultural colony morphology of streptococci

A
  • pinpoint, gray to white
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20
Q

What is the shape of S. Pneumoniae?

A
  • Lancet-shaped
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21
Q

Describe the microsopic morphology of strep

A
  • gram positive cocci in chains
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22
Q

What is the result of Strep in catalase test?

A
  • negative in catalase
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23
Q

procedure to presumptively identify BETA HEMOLYTIC Group B

A
  • CAMP TEST
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24
Q

Susceptibility test for the presumptive identification of alpha hemolytic strep especially s. pneumoniae

A
  • TAXO P or OPT test
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25
Q

What culture medium is used in CAMP test?

A
  • BAP
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26
Q

What is the known organism in camp test?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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27
Q

What is the unknown organism in camp test?

A
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
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28
Q

What is the positive reaction of camp test?

A
  • arrowhead / arrowhead hemolysis
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29
Q

S. Aureus and S. agalactiae are both _____hemolytic

A

Beta-hemolytic

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30
Q

Presumptively identify Group D strep

A
  • Bile esculin test
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31
Q

Positive reaction of bile esculin test

A
  • blackening of medium
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32
Q

Determining the ability of bacteria to tolerate growth in a medium with high salt concentration

A
  • Salt Tolerance test
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33
Q

What is the medium used in salt tolerance test?

A
  • Brain Heart Infusion Broth + 10% sodium chloride
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34
Q

What is the positive reaction of salt tolerance test?

A
  • turbid
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35
Q

what is the negative result of STT?

A
  • clear
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36
Q

Test used to identify enterococci

A
  • Salt Tolerance Test
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37
Q

Used to identify group A and D

A
  • PYR Hydrolysis Test
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38
Q

Used to identify group B strep

A
  • Hippurate Test
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39
Q

Bacitracin also referred to as ______

A
  • TAXO A
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40
Q

If there’s zone of inhibition it indicates that the species you have isolated are strep except Group A and B (resistant)

A
  • Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim
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41
Q

Optochin test also referred to as

A
  • TAXO P
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42
Q

What is the active component of OPT disk test?

A
  • ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride
43
Q

To identify as susceptible, the measurement of optochin test should be ____

A

Equal or greater than 14 mm

44
Q

Which biochemical tests differentiates GROUP A?

A
  • bacitracin test
  • PYR hydrolysis test
  • Sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim
45
Q

Which biochemical tests differentiates GROUP B?

A
  • CAMP test
  • Sodium Hippurate Hydrolysis test
  • SXT
46
Q

Susceptible in TAXO P

A
  • S. pneumoniae
47
Q

What is the enzyme of bile esculin test?

A
  • esculinase
48
Q

Rapid latex test system for use in the qualitative detection and identification of the lancefield group of streptococci

A

Streptex

49
Q

What is the enzyme in hippurate test?

A

Hippuricase

50
Q

Detectsd by the oxidation with ninhydrin reagent which results in the production of a deep purple color

A

Glycine

51
Q

Detect carbohydrate component of the cell wall of streptococci

A

Serological test

52
Q

What is the positive reaction in streptex?

A

Agglutination [Group A strep]

53
Q

What is the negative reaction for streptex?

A

No agglutination [S. Agalactiae]

54
Q

Enumerate the GAS infection

A
  • Bacterial Pharyngitis
  • Pyodermal infections
  • Necrotizing Fasciitis
  • Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
  • poststreptococcal sequelae
55
Q

What is the drug of choice for GAS (Group A Streptococcus)

A

Penicillin

56
Q

If allergic to penicillin what is the other antibiotic that can be used?

A

Erythromycin

57
Q

Most often seen in children between 5 and 15 years of age

A

Strep throat

58
Q

What is the mode of transmission in bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Droplets and close contact

59
Q

How long is the incubation for bacterial pharyngitis?

A

1-4 days incubation period

60
Q

What are the symptoms for strep throat or bacterial pharyngitis?

A
  • sore throat
  • malaise
  • fever
  • headache
  • nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
  • tonsils and pharynx are inflamed
61
Q

What are the common clinical manifestations of streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis

62
Q

A localized skin disease, begins as small vesicles that progress to weeping lesions; inoculation of organisms through minor abrasions or insect bites

A

Impetigo

63
Q

Followed by deeper invasion of streptococci; life threatening with bacteremia or sepsis

A

Cellulitis

64
Q

Patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes leads to ________

A

Gangrene

65
Q

Rare infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues observed frequently in elderly patients

A

Erysipelas

66
Q

Acute spreading, intenselyerythematous with plainly demarcated but irregular edge

A

Erysipelas

67
Q

Cause by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

A

Scarlet fever

68
Q

Diffuse red rash on upper chest and spreads to the trunk and extremities

A

Scarlet fever

69
Q

What are the other name of necrotizing fasciitis

A
  • Flesh eating disease or syndrome.
  • suppurative fasciitis
  • hospital gangrene
  • necrotizing erysipelas
70
Q

An invasive infection characterized by rapidly progressing inflammation and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

71
Q

A condition in which the entire organ system collapses, leading to death

A

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

72
Q

What are the two serious complications or sequelae of GAS

A
  • Rheumatic fever
  • acute glomerulonephritis
73
Q

Characterized by fever and inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels and subcutaneous tissues

A

Rheumatic fever

74
Q

Follows after cutaneous or pharyngeal infection

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

75
Q

Follows after streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis

A

Rheumatic fever

76
Q

Only species that expresses group b antigen

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

77
Q

Significant cause of invasive disease in newborn

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

78
Q

Two clinical syndromes associated with neonatal GBS disease

A

Early onset infection and late onset infe

79
Q

Pneumonia and sepsis

A

Early onset infection

80
Q

Meningitis and sepsis

A

Late onset infection

81
Q

GBS affects two types of patients

A

Young and elderly person

82
Q

What is the drug of choice for GBS?

A

Penicillin

83
Q

Some clinicians recommend a combination of _______ anf _______

A

Ampicillin and aminoglycosides

84
Q

Large colony forms

A

Streptococcus dysagalactiae subsp equisimilis

85
Q

Small colony forms

A

Streptococcus angunosus group (viridans group)

86
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae also known as

A

Pneumococcus or diplococcus

87
Q

S. Pneumoniae is a member of

A

Streptococcus mitis group

88
Q

What is the hemolysis of s. pneumoniae

A

Alpha-hemolytic

89
Q

What are the predisposing factors of lobar pneumonia

A
  • Alcoholism
  • Anesthesia
  • Malnutrition
90
Q

Round glistening wet mucoid dome shaped appearance

A

Young cultures

91
Q

Coin with a raised rim appearance

A

Old cultures

92
Q

Determines the lysis of S. Pneumoniae in the presencr of bile salts

For streptococcus pneumoniae only

A

Bile solubility test

93
Q

What is the indicator of inulin fermentation?

A

Phenol red

94
Q

What bacteria can ferment inulin?

A

S. Pneumoniae

95
Q

What is the color of positive reaction of inulin fermentation?

A

Yellow

96
Q

Antibodies bind to the bacterial capsule of s. pneumoniae and antibody reaction allows the bacteria to be visualized under microscope

A

Capsular swelling reaction or neuffeld quellung

97
Q

What are the reagents in nueffeld quellung?

A

Methylene blue + antitoxin + bacteria

98
Q

Test for previous infection

A

Francis skin test

99
Q

Positive reaction for francis skin test

A

Wheale formation

100
Q

Who is the german microbiologist who identified s. pneumoniae which is caused of death when injected to mouse

A

Fred nuefeld

101
Q

What is the drug of choicr for s. pneumoniae

A

Penicillin

102
Q

If penicillin resistance in s. pneumoniae

A

erythromycin or chloramphenicol

103
Q

Viridans means

A

Green

104
Q

Most commonly isolated among the viridans streptococci

Primary contributor to dental carries

A

Streptococcus mutans

Bact211 (10 decks)

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