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Bacterial Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most used endospore stain?

A

Schaeffer Fulton

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2
Q

Made of phospholipids and proteins but does not contain sterols, in contrast to eukaryotic

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

What percentage of known microbes can cause disease?

A

3-5%

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4
Q

Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that infect eukaryotic host

A

Pathogenic

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5
Q

Inhibits bacterial growth without harming eukaryotic host cells

A

Antibiotic action

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6
Q

The site of protein biosynthesis. RNA and protein, found free in the cytoplasm attached to the cytoplasmic membrane

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

Consists of a single circular chromosome - diffuse nucleoid or chromatin body which is attached to a mesosome, a saclike structure in the cell membrane. Do not contain a membrane bound nucleus

A

Cytoplasmic structure

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8
Q

What bacteria are the examples of endospore?

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

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9
Q

Example for terminal spore

A

Clostridium tetani

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10
Q

Example for central spore

A

Bacillus antracis

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11
Q

Example for subterminal spore

A

Clostridium botulinum

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12
Q

What is the shaped of tetani?

A

Tack head, tennic racquet, lollipop

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13
Q

What bacteria have no cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

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14
Q

What bacteria has a modified cell wall called acid fast cell wall?

A

Mycobacteria and Nocardia

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15
Q

Derived from gram pos bacteria and totally lacking cell wall

A

Protoplast

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16
Q

Retain some residual but non functional cell wall

A

Spheroplast

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17
Q

Act as virulence factors in helping the pathogen evade phagocytosis

A

Capsule

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18
Q

Exterior protein filaments that rotate and cause bacteria to be motile

A

Flagella

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19
Q

Flagella at both poles

A

Amphitrichous

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20
Q

Flagella all over

A

Peritrichous

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21
Q

Single flagellum at one pole

A

Monotrichous

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22
Q

Tuft of flagella at both ends

A

Amphilophotrichous

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23
Q

Tuft of flagella at one pole

A

Lophotrichous

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24
Q

Organ attachment

A

Somatic pili

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25
Active vegetative cell - active, capable of growing and dividing
Endospore
26
Storage deposits and may consist of polysaccharide such as glycogen, lipids such as polyphosphates
Cytoplasmic granules
27
Highly refractile bodies in the cell. Unstained areas in a cell with the use of traditional bacterial stain
Spores
28
A rigid structure that maintains the shape of the cell
Cell wall
29
Act as osmotic barrier
Plasma membrane
30
Location of the electron transport chain, where energy is generated
Plasma membrane
31
Prevents bursting of the cell from the high osmotic pressure inside it
Cell wall
32
Very thick protective peptidoglycan layer
Gram positive cell wall
33
Anchored to the peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid
34
Anchored to the membrane
Lipoteichoic acid
35
Inner peptidoglycan layer is much thinner than in gram positive cell wall
Gram negative cell
36
Add in the permeability of the cell wall. Responsible for the transport of molecules in and out of the cell
Porins
37
Act as a barrier to hydrophobic compounds and harmful substances
Outer membrane
38
Within this is a gel-like matrix containing nutrient-binding proteins and degradative and detoxyfying enzymes
Periplasmic space
39
Gram pos cell wall structure but also contain a waxy later of glycolipids and fatty acids bound to the exterior of the cell wall
Mycolic acid
40
Strong “hydrophobic” molecule that forms a lipid shell around the organisms and affect its permeability
Acid fast cell wall
41
Cell wall deficient forms of bacteria usually produced in the laboratory
L-forms
42
Serve either to inhibit phagocytosis. Like capsules but are more diffuse layers surrounding the cell.
Slime layer
43
Non motile, long, hollow protein tubes that connect two bacterial cells and mediate DNA exchange
Pili
44
Non flagellar, sticky, proteinaceous, hair like appendages that adhere some bacterial cells to one another and to environmental surfaces
Fimbriae
45
Tapered, pointed ends are termed
Fusiform
46
When a species varies in size and shape within a pure culture, the bacterium is
Pleomorphic
47
May occur as single rods or in chains or may align themselves side by side
Palisading
48
May occur in singly, pairs, chains, or clusters
Cocci
49
May vary greatly in size and length from very short coccobacilli to long filamentous rods
Bacilli
50
Vary in length and in the nunber of helical turns
Spirochetes
51
What are the three factors influence the growth rate of bacteria
Ph, temperature, gas
52
What is the pH of diagnostic laboratory media for bacteria?
7.0-7.5 pH
53
Optimal grwoth at 20-40 bacteria grow at moderate temperature
Mesophiles
54
Optimal growth at 50-60. Bacteria that grow best at high temperature
Thermophiles
55
Optimal growth at 10-20. Grow best at cold temperatures
Psychrophiles
56
Example of mesophile bacteria
E. Coli
57
Only aerobic growth; oxygen is required
Obligate aerobe
58
Only anaerobic growth; ceases in presence of oxygen
Obligate anaerobe
59
Both aerobic and an aerobic growth; greater growth in presence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe
60
Only anaerobic growth; but continues in presence of oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobic
61
Only aerobic growth; oxygen required in low concentration
Microaerophiles
62
Require an atmosphere enriched with extra carbon dioxide
capnophilic
63
Example of capnophilic
neisseria gonorrhoeae
64
Bacteria replicate by _____ with one cell dividing into two cells
Binary fusion
65
Time required for one cell to divide into two cells
Generation time
66
Enough nutrients and no toxic products present - increase in bacterial numbers is proportional to the increase in other bacterial property
Growth curve
67
During which bacterial numbers increase logarithmically
Log phase
68
During which bacterial are preparing to divide
Lag phase
69
Number of nonviable bacterial cells exceeds the number of viable cells
Death phase
70
Nutrients are becoming limited and the numbers of bacteria remain constant
Stationary phase
71
By growing dilutions of broth cultures on agar plates, number of cfu, used un determinibf the bacterial crll count in urine cultures
Direct plate count
72
Used to estimate tye numher of bacteria present in a specimen. Does not distinguish between live and dead cells
direct counting under the microscope
73
The density of a bacterial broth culture in log phase can be correlated to cfu. Used to prepare a standard inoculum for AST
density measurement
74
Biochemical reaction bacteria use to breakdown organic compounds and the reactions they use to synthesize new bacterial molecules from the resulting carbon skeletons
metabolism
75
Anaerobic process carried out by obligate, facultative, and aerotolerant anaerobes
Fermentation
76
An efficient energy generating process is the final electron acceptor
Aerobic respiration
77
Can be further catabolized either fermentatively or oxidatively
Pyruvate
78
Infectious agents that do not contain DNA or RNA
Prions

Bact211 (10 decks)

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