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Bact211 > Bacterial Structure > Flashcards

Bacterial Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most used endospore stain?

A

Schaeffer Fulton

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2
Q

Made of phospholipids and proteins but does not contain sterols, in contrast to eukaryotic

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

What percentage of known microbes can cause disease?

A

3-5%

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4
Q

Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that infect eukaryotic host

A

Pathogenic

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5
Q

Inhibits bacterial growth without harming eukaryotic host cells

A

Antibiotic action

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6
Q

The site of protein biosynthesis. RNA and protein, found free in the cytoplasm attached to the cytoplasmic membrane

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

Consists of a single circular chromosome - diffuse nucleoid or chromatin body which is attached to a mesosome, a saclike structure in the cell membrane. Do not contain a membrane bound nucleus

A

Cytoplasmic structure

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8
Q

What bacteria are the examples of endospore?

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

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9
Q

Example for terminal spore

A

Clostridium tetani

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10
Q

Example for central spore

A

Bacillus antracis

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11
Q

Example for subterminal spore

A

Clostridium botulinum

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12
Q

What is the shaped of tetani?

A

Tack head, tennic racquet, lollipop

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13
Q

What bacteria have no cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

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14
Q

What bacteria has a modified cell wall called acid fast cell wall?

A

Mycobacteria and Nocardia

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15
Q

Derived from gram pos bacteria and totally lacking cell wall

A

Protoplast

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16
Q

Retain some residual but non functional cell wall

A

Spheroplast

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17
Q

Act as virulence factors in helping the pathogen evade phagocytosis

A

Capsule

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18
Q

Exterior protein filaments that rotate and cause bacteria to be motile

A

Flagella

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19
Q

Flagella at both poles

A

Amphitrichous

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20
Q

Flagella all over

A

Peritrichous

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21
Q

Single flagellum at one pole

A

Monotrichous

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22
Q

Tuft of flagella at both ends

A

Amphilophotrichous

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23
Q

Tuft of flagella at one pole

A

Lophotrichous

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24
Q

Organ attachment

A

Somatic pili

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25
Q

Active vegetative cell - active, capable of growing and dividing

A

Endospore

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26
Q

Storage deposits and may consist of polysaccharide such as glycogen, lipids such as polyphosphates

A

Cytoplasmic granules

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27
Q

Highly refractile bodies in the cell. Unstained areas in a cell with the use of traditional bacterial stain

A

Spores

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28
Q

A rigid structure that maintains the shape of the cell

A

Cell wall

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29
Q

Act as osmotic barrier

A

Plasma membrane

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30
Q

Location of the electron transport chain, where energy is generated

A

Plasma membrane

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31
Q

Prevents bursting of the cell from the high osmotic pressure inside it

A

Cell wall

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32
Q

Very thick protective peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram positive cell wall

33
Q

Anchored to the peptidoglycan

A

Teichoic acid

34
Q

Anchored to the membrane

A

Lipoteichoic acid

35
Q

Inner peptidoglycan layer is much thinner than in gram positive cell wall

A

Gram negative cell

36
Q

Add in the permeability of the cell wall. Responsible for the transport of molecules in and out of the cell

A

Porins

37
Q

Act as a barrier to hydrophobic compounds and harmful substances

A

Outer membrane

38
Q

Within this is a gel-like matrix containing nutrient-binding proteins and degradative and detoxyfying enzymes

A

Periplasmic space

39
Q

Gram pos cell wall structure but also contain a waxy later of glycolipids and fatty acids bound to the exterior of the cell wall

A

Mycolic acid

40
Q

Strong “hydrophobic” molecule that forms a lipid shell around the organisms and affect its permeability

A

Acid fast cell wall

41
Q

Cell wall deficient forms of bacteria usually produced in the laboratory

A

L-forms

42
Q

Serve either to inhibit phagocytosis. Like capsules but are more diffuse layers surrounding the cell.

A

Slime layer

43
Q

Non motile, long, hollow protein tubes that connect two bacterial cells and mediate DNA exchange

A

Pili

44
Q

Non flagellar, sticky, proteinaceous, hair like appendages that adhere some bacterial cells to one another and to environmental surfaces

A

Fimbriae

45
Q

Tapered, pointed ends are termed

A

Fusiform

46
Q

When a species varies in size and shape within a pure culture, the bacterium is

A

Pleomorphic

47
Q

May occur as single rods or in chains or may align themselves side by side

A

Palisading

48
Q

May occur in singly, pairs, chains, or clusters

A

Cocci

49
Q

May vary greatly in size and length from very short coccobacilli to long filamentous rods

A

Bacilli

50
Q

Vary in length and in the nunber of helical turns

A

Spirochetes

51
Q

What are the three factors influence the growth rate of bacteria

A

Ph, temperature, gas

52
Q

What is the pH of diagnostic laboratory media for bacteria?

A

7.0-7.5 pH

53
Q

Optimal grwoth at 20-40 bacteria grow at moderate temperature

A

Mesophiles

54
Q

Optimal growth at 50-60. Bacteria that grow best at high temperature

A

Thermophiles

55
Q

Optimal growth at 10-20. Grow best at cold temperatures

A

Psychrophiles

56
Q

Example of mesophile bacteria

A

E. Coli

57
Q

Only aerobic growth; oxygen is required

A

Obligate aerobe

58
Q

Only anaerobic growth; ceases in presence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobe

59
Q

Both aerobic and an aerobic growth; greater growth in presence of oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobe

60
Q

Only anaerobic growth; but continues in presence of oxygen

A

Aerotolerant anaerobic

61
Q

Only aerobic growth; oxygen required in low concentration

A

Microaerophiles

62
Q

Require an atmosphere enriched with extra carbon dioxide

A

capnophilic

63
Q

Example of capnophilic

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

64
Q

Bacteria replicate by _____ with one cell dividing into two cells

A

Binary fusion

65
Q

Time required for one cell to divide into two cells

A

Generation time

66
Q

Enough nutrients and no toxic products present - increase in bacterial numbers is proportional to the increase in other bacterial property

A

Growth curve

67
Q

During which bacterial numbers increase logarithmically

A

Log phase

68
Q

During which bacterial are preparing to divide

A

Lag phase

69
Q

Number of nonviable bacterial cells exceeds the number of viable cells

A

Death phase

70
Q

Nutrients are becoming limited and the numbers of bacteria remain constant

A

Stationary phase

71
Q

By growing dilutions of broth cultures on agar plates, number of cfu, used un determinibf the bacterial crll count in urine cultures

A

Direct plate count

72
Q

Used to estimate tye numher of bacteria present in a specimen. Does not distinguish between live and dead cells

A

direct counting under the microscope

73
Q

The density of a bacterial broth culture in log phase can be correlated to cfu. Used to prepare a standard inoculum for AST

A

density measurement

74
Q

Biochemical reaction bacteria use to breakdown organic compounds and the reactions they use to synthesize new bacterial molecules from the resulting carbon skeletons

A

metabolism

75
Q

Anaerobic process carried out by obligate, facultative, and aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Fermentation

76
Q

An efficient energy generating process is the final electron acceptor

A

Aerobic respiration

77
Q

Can be further catabolized either fermentatively or oxidatively

A

Pyruvate

78
Q

Infectious agents that do not contain DNA or RNA

A

Prions

Bact211 (10 decks)

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