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PoD 2 > Streptococci > Flashcards

Streptococci Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional requirement

A

Complex, need blood or serum enrich media for isolation

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2
Q

group A

S. Pyogeny

A 
G+
Facultative anaerobe
Capsule (HA)
Beta-hemolytic on blood agar 
M protein 
F protein bind fibronectin - helps establish infection
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3
Q

Difference between Streptolysin O and S

A

O is immunogenic

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4
Q

What contributes to spread of free dna from local site

A

DNase

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5
Q

Important marker of cutaneous group A streptococcal infections

A

Anti-DNase B

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6
Q

Function of streptokinase

A

Catalyzes activation of plasmin to lyse blood clots

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7
Q

Suppurating Streptococcal Disease

A 
Pharyngitis
Scarlet fever
Skin infection: impetigo, purulent with crusting 
Cellulitis
Erysipelas
Necrotizing Faciitis
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8
Q

Nonsuppurative Streptococcal Disease

Acute glomerular nephritis

A

No GAS present

After pharyngitis or skin infection

Symptoms: facial edema, blood in urine (smoky urine)

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9
Q

AGN is due to

A

Immune complex deposition on the glomerular basement membrane

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10
Q

Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF)

A

No GAS present

After pharyngitis only

Symptoms: migratory arthritis, subcutaneous nodules, carditis and erythema marginatum

May proceed to rheumatic fever

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11
Q

ARF is due to

A

Cross reactivity of anti-M protein antibody with human cardiac tissue

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12
Q

Sources of GAS

A

Normal flora of skin

Oropharynx

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13
Q

GAS causes infection upon ______ of _______

Transmission

A

Upon penetration of tissue

Person to person

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14
Q

What test is used in RF for Ab detection?

GAS

A

ASO test

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15
Q

Ag detection?

GAS

A

Throat swabs

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16
Q

Treatment

GAS

A

Penicillin

Oxacillin or vancomycin in mixed culture

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17
Q

Culture

GAS

A

Blood agar

Specialized selective agar

18
Q

What is GAS sensitive to?

A

Bacitracin

19
Q

GBS

which test differentiates a. Galactiae from other streps?

A

CAMP +

Increased zone of hemolysis

CAMP factor produced by GBS that enhances beta-hemolysis of S. Aureus

20
Q

Clinical problems associated with GBS

A

Threat to infants infected perinatally (meningitis, bacteremia (sepsis), pneumonia)

Post-partum endometritis, esp after C section

21
Q

GBS

Source

Transmission

A

Normal flora of GI and Vagina

Vertical transmission: either at birth or via ascension in utero

22
Q

GBS

Virulence factors

A 
Capsule (resist phagocytosis) 
Sialic acid (inhibits alternate pathway of complement)
23
Q

Which is Bacitracin resistant?

A

GBS

24
Q

Treatment for GBS

A

Penicillin G
Alone or in combination with Aminoglycosides

Passive immunizations

25
Q

Groups C and G

A

Non rheumatic

Otherwise like group A

26
Q

Viridans Streptococci

A

Normal flora of mouth and teeth

Alpha hemolytic

Resistant to optochin

Sub-acute endocarditis

Central role in dental carries

No Lancefield antigens

27
Q

Treatment of streptococcal endocarditis

A

Penicillin and antibiotic prophylaxis

28
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP)

Alpha or beta hemolytic?

A

Alpha - aerobically

Beta - anaerobically

29
Q

SP - bile solubility ?

A

Positive

30
Q

What disease is SP resistant ?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

31
Q

Two distinct characteristics of Streptococcus:

A
  • non motile

- catalase negative

32
Q

Virulence factors for SP

A

Capsules
Biofilm
IgA protease (IgA –> Fab and Fc fragments. Prevents opsonization)
Adhesins
Pneumolysin (destroys the ciliated epithelial cell)

33
Q

SP infections:

A

Lobar pneumonia (esp sickle cell disease)

Meningitis

Sinusitis

Otitis media

34
Q

Diagnosis of SP:

A

Quelling rxn - polyvalent anti-capsular Ab are mixed with the bacteria – inc in refractive mass around the bacteria

Bile / optochin sensitive

35
Q

Treatment of SP:

A

Penicillin G
Vancomycin (if P allergy)

Vaccines for over 60 and compromised host

36
Q

Enterococcus

A

Normal flora of large bowel and feces

Antibiotic resistance common

Nosocomial infection

37
Q

Virulence factors for Enterococci :

A

Aggregation substance and carbohydrate adhesins: helps in colonization

Cytolysin

Gelatinase

Antibiotic resistance: resistant to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, vancomycin

38
Q

Cytolysin

A

Inhibit G+ bacteria and induce local tissue damage

39
Q

Enterococci diagnosis:

A

Resistant to optochin

Doesnt dissolve when exposed to bile

40
Q

Treatment of Enterococci

A

Ampicillin

Combo of Aminoglycoside and vancomycin for resistant strain

41
Q

Which AA seq does Vancomycin resistant Enterococci have a substitute for?

A

D-Ala-D-Ala

Target for vancomycin

PoD 2 (14 decks)

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