Streptococcal Sore Throat

Question 1

What is the typical history associated with streptococcus sore throat (strep throat)?

Answer 1

Sudden onset of sore throat. Fever, headache, abdominal pain. Absence of cough, runny nose.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in streptococcus sore throat?

Answer 2

Erythematous, swollen tonsils. Tonsillar exudates. Tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Palatal petechiae.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing streptococcus sore throat?

Answer 3

Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for Group A Streptococcus. Throat culture. Clinical criteria (Centor score).

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for streptococcus sore throat?

Answer 4

Rest and hydration. Warm saltwater gargles. Throat lozenges. Avoid irritants like smoke.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for streptococcus sore throat?

Answer 5

Antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, amoxicillin) to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. Symptomatic treatment: acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain and fever.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in streptococcus sore throat patients?

Answer 6

Difficulty breathing or swallowing. Signs of peritonsillar abscess: severe unilateral throat pain, drooling, muffled voice. Rash (scarlet fever). Persistent high fever.

Question 7

When should a patient with streptococcus sore throat be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Suspected peritonsillar abscess or retropharyngeal abscess. Recurrent strep throat infections. Complications like rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis. Immunocompromised patients.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to streptococcus sore throat?

Answer 8

Caused by Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Bacteria infect pharyngeal tissue. Immune response causes inflammation, characteristic symptoms. Potential for systemic complications.