Chicken Pox Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with chickenpox?
Prodrome of fever, malaise, loss of appetite. Rash appears as red spots, progresses to fluid-filled blisters, then crusts over.
What are the key physical examination findings in chickenpox?
Generalized, itchy vesicular rash. Starts on face and trunk, spreads to extremities. Lesions at different stages: macules, papules, vesicles, crusts.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing chickenpox?
Clinical diagnosis primarily. PCR testing of vesicular fluid. Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining. Serology for immunity assessment.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for chickenpox?
Isolate patient to prevent spread. Maintain good hygiene. Keep skin clean, dry. Use calamine lotion or oatmeal baths. Ensure hydration, rest.
What are the pharmacological management options for chickenpox?
Antiviral therapy (e.g., acyclovir) for high-risk patients. Symptomatic treatment: antipyretics like acetaminophen (avoid aspirin in children), antihistamines for itching.
What are the red flags to look for in chickenpox patients?
Signs of bacterial superinfection: erythema, swelling, warmth around lesions. Neurological complications: ataxia, encephalitis. Respiratory complications: pneumonia. Severe pain, bleeding in lesions.
When should a patient with chickenpox be referred to a specialist?
Immunocompromised patients. Severe or complicated disease. Pregnant women. Newborns exposed to the virus. Patients with significant comorbidities, complications.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to chickenpox?
Caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a herpesvirus. Virus remains dormant in dorsal root ganglia after primary infection. Can reactivate as herpes zoster (shingles) later in life.
