Infectious Mononucleosis

Question 1

hat is the typical history associated with infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 1

Fever, sore throat, fatigue, malaise. Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in neck. Possible splenomegaly.

Question 2

What are the key physical examination findings in infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 2

Pharyngitis with exudate. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Splenomegaly. Palatal petechiae.

Question 3

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 3

Monospot test (heterophile antibody test). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology. Complete blood count (CBC) showing lymphocytosis. Liver function tests.

Question 4

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 4

Rest and hydration. Avoid contact sports (risk of splenic rupture). Throat lozenges, warm saltwater gargles.

Question 5

What are the pharmacological management options for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 5

No specific antiviral treatment. Symptomatic treatment: acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain and fever. Corticosteroids for severe tonsillar swelling.

Question 6

What are the red flags to look for in infectious mononucleosis patients?

Answer 6

Severe abdominal pain (possible splenic rupture). Difficulty breathing or swallowing. Persistent high fever. Severe headache or stiff neck (possible meningitis).

Question 7

When should a patient with infectious mononucleosis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 7

Severe or complicated cases. Suspected splenic rupture. Severe liver involvement. Neurological complications. Persistent symptoms beyond expected course.

Question 8

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 8

Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus. Virus infects B lymphocytes. Immune response leads to characteristic symptoms.