Pertussis

Question 1

What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to mumps?

Answer 1

Caused by mumps virus, a paramyxovirus. Virus spreads via respiratory droplets. Infects parotid glands, other tissues. Immune response causes characteristic swelling.

Question 2

What is the typical history associated with pertussis?

Answer 2

Initial catarrhal stage: mild cough, runny nose, low-grade fever. Paroxysmal stage: severe, spasmodic cough with “whoop” sound. Convalescent stage: gradual recovery.

Question 3

What are the key physical examination findings in pertussis?

Answer 3

Severe, paroxysmal coughing fits. Inspiratory “whoop.” Post-tussive vomiting. Possible cyanosis during coughing episodes.

Question 4

What investigations are necessary for diagnosing pertussis?

Answer 4

PCR for Bordetella pertussis from nasopharyngeal swab. Pertussis culture. Serology for pertussis antibodies.

Question 5

What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for pertussis?

Answer 5

Isolation to prevent spread. Maintain hydration. Small, frequent meals to prevent vomiting. Humidified air to ease coughing.

Question 6

What are the pharmacological management options for pertussis?

Answer 6

Antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin, erythromycin) to reduce transmission. Symptomatic treatment: antipyretics, cough suppressants (under medical advice).

Question 7

What are the red flags to look for in pertussis patients?

Answer 7

Apnea or cyanosis in infants. Severe respiratory distress. Persistent vomiting. Complications like pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy.

Question 8

When should a patient with pertussis be referred to a specialist?

Answer 8

Severe or complicated cases. Infants under six months old. Suspected pneumonia or encephalopathy. Prolonged or severe symptoms.