Fifth Disease Flashcards
What is the typical history associated with fifth disease?
Mild fever, runny nose, headache. Slapped-cheek rash on face, spreading to trunk and limbs. Joint pain in older children and adults.
What are the key physical examination findings in fifth disease?
Erythematous facial rash (“slapped cheek” appearance). Lacy, reticular rash on trunk and limbs. Possible mild fever and pharyngitis.
What investigations are necessary for diagnosing fifth disease?
Clinical diagnosis primarily. Parvovirus B19-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. PCR for parvovirus B19 DNA in blood.
What are the non-pharmacological management strategies for fifth disease?
Rest and hydration. Avoid contact with pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Educate on hand hygiene to prevent spread.
What are the pharmacological management options for fifth disease?
Symptomatic treatment: acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain. No specific antiviral treatment.
What are the red flags to look for in fifth disease patients?
Severe anemia in immunocompromised patients or those with hemolytic disorders. Persistent joint pain. Signs of hydrops fetalis in pregnant women.
When should a patient with fifth disease be referred to a specialist?
Severe anemia requiring transfusion. Immunocompromised patients with complications. Pregnant women with suspected parvovirus B19 infection. Persistent or severe joint pain.
What is one key piece of pathophysiology related to fifth disease?
Caused by parvovirus B19. Virus infects erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow, leading to temporary cessation of red blood cell production. Immune response causes characteristic rash and joint symptoms.
