Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NMSKI > Strength Endurance > Flashcards

Strength Endurance Flashcards

1
Q

therapeutic exercise definition

A

Systematic performance or execution of planned physical movements, postures or activities intended to enable pt. / client to:
Remediate or prevent impairments
Improve, restore or enhance physical function
Prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
Optimise overall health status, fitness or sense of well-being (APTA, 2001)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

muscle strength

A

is the ability of the skeletal muscle to develop force for the purpose of providing stability and mobility within the musculoskeletal system so that functional movement can take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

factors determining muscle strength

A 
No. / size of motor units activated
Cross-sectional area 
Type of contraction
Length of muscle
Speed of contraction
Age / fitness of subject
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

endurance

A
  • ability to perform repeated contractions against a less-than-maximal load / to continue a particular task accurately for a prolonged period of time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

endurance is influenced by

A 
Strength
Neuromuscular skill
Fatty tissue
Circulatory/respiratory
Lactic acid tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of exercises

A

(passive)
assisted exercise
free active exercise
resisted exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

passive movement

A

Movement produced entirely be an external force with the absence of voluntary muscle activity on behalf of the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who/what supplies force isn passive exercise

A

force supplied by physio / machine (Continuous Passive Machine - CPM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

assisted active exercise

A

Movement is produced in part by an external force but is completed by use of voluntary muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

free active exercise

A

Movement produced solely by use of the individual’s voluntary muscle action
Used as strengthening for grade 2 and above (Oxford scale) or to mobilise structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

resistance exercise

A

Any form of active exercise in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically
Rehabilitation, injury prevention and training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

strengthening principles

A

Specific exercises (SAID principle: Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands)
No pain
Attainable goals
Progressive overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

progression

A

– ‘act of moving forward or advancing toward a specific goal’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If muscle performance is to improve what type of load must be applied

A

a load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PRE

A

→ Progressive Resistance Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

repetition maximum

A

the maximum amount of weight a muscle can lift for that specified number of repetitions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

uses of repetition maximum

A

Document a baseline measurement

Identify an exercise load (weight) to be used during ex for specified no.’s reps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intensity

A

load / amt of resistance (%1RM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

strength form

A

high force / low reps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endurance form.

A

low force / high reps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what must be taken into consideration with repetition maximum

A

Volume – no. of reps/sets
Frequency – no. of days per week
Duration
Rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 types of methods of giving resistance to muscle work

A

manual resistance

mechanical resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

manual resistance

A

Therapist / self resistance

Other person applies resistance diagonal patterns (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation-PNF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

examples of mechanical resistance

A 
Suspension therapy
Free weights
Pulleys
Springs
Theraband
Isokinetic equipment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
advantage to manual resistance exercise
Most effective in early rehab Transition from assisted to mechanically resisted Resistance adjusted thro’ ROM – ‘ more finely graded’ Muscle works max thro’out ROM ROM controlled by therapist
26
manual resistance guidelines
Adjustable plinth Assume position close to pt to avoid stresses on back & maximise control of extremity Wide base of support
27
how do we apply manual resistance and stabilisation
Stabilise proximal attachment of contracting muscle, while applying resistance distally to moving segment Grade & vary resistance to equal abilities of pt Smooth, controlled mvmts
28
verbs to resist isometric contractions
‘hold’ / ‘don’t let me move you’ / ‘match my resistance
29
verbs to resist concentric contractions
push or pull
30
verbs to resist eccentric contractions
‘slowly let go as I push or pull you’
31
disadvantages of manual resistance
``` Load is subjective Amt resistance limited to strength of therapist Little value for strong m’s Cannot be performed independently by pt Impractical for endurance ```
32
advantages of mechanical resistance
Establishes quantitative baseline Intermediate / advanced phase of rehab Heavy loads can be used Adds variety to resistance program
33
disadvantage of mechanical resistance
Not appropriate when m’s weak or soft tissue in early stage of healing Max loading at one point in ROM (constant resistance) Expense for purchase / maintenance
34
when would suspension be used
Early rehab, m’s 2-3/5
35
suspension
Parts of the body are supported in slings and elevated by the use of variable length ropes fixed to a point above the body Suspension frees the body from friction → permits free mvmt without resistance
36
elements of suspension
Fixed point + suspensory unit (sling & adjustable rope)
37
types of fixation
vertical axial free weights
38
vertical fixation
Rope fixed vertically above centre of gravity of part to be suspended (junction upper & middle third)
39
use of vertical fixation
used for support
40
axial fixation
Ropes attached to ‘S’ hook which is fixed to point immediately above centre of joint to be moved If resistance is required, whole fixed point moved away from m’s which require resistance
41
free weights
``` dumbbells barbells cuff weights weighted vests sandbags ```
42
why is patient position important and give example
When the pull of gravity is perpendicular to the lever arm, resistance is at its greatest Choose optimum position for ex
43
characteristics of exercise pulley unit
Constant load imposed → maximally challenges the contracting muscle at only one portion of ROM when pt in particular position
44
advantages of exercise pulley unit
Exercises can be set up in many positions Dynamic, non-weight bearing positions Stabilising m’s groups recruited Resistance ↑small increments
45
factors to take into consideration when applyingof bands
``` grade length securing setting up progression ```
46
advantages of elastic resistance bands
Portable, relatively inexpensive, ideal HEP Not gravity dependent → versatile, ex’s in many combinations of mvmt patterns Moderate to fast velocities safe, inertia of moving wt does not have to be overcome
47
disadvantages of elastic resistance bands
Refer to table for quantitative info about level of resistance Difficult to select grade initially No source of stabilisation, pt use muscular stabilisation
48
advantages of weight stack machines
Allows progression Puts user in correct position Suitable for many muscle groups Safe for power training
49
disadvantages of weight stack machines
Not accessible to all Expensive Not suitable for frail Difficult to use with wheelchairs
50
advantages of air pressure or hydraulic machines
Similar to weight stack machines except that the weight can be more finely tuned
51
disadvantages of air pressure or hydraulic machines
Similar to weight stack machines but more expensive
52
advantage of isokinetic training
Isokinetic exercise offers the advantage of a variable resistance which allows the development of maximum effort by the performance throughout full ROM
53
Equipment for Closed Chain Training
``` Weight bearing postures Full / partial body wt Total gym – multipurpose ex system Balance boards Slide boards ```
54
traits of Reciprocal Exercise Equipment and its purpose
Low-intensity, high repetition resistance training to increase muscular endurance and reciprocal co-ordination of UL / LL
55
Reciprocal Exercise Equipment for warm ups and cool downs
Portable resisted reciprocal units Stair-stepping machines Cross-country ski machines Upper extremity ergometers
56
examples of dynamic stabilisation
swiss balls/foam rollers
57
types of muscle activity
isometric dynamic isotonic isokinetic
58
traits of isometric training
Static contractions No change in muscle length No external work Maximal or submaximal contraction
59
isotonic muscle activity
``` – concentric & eccentric Dynamic contractions Change in length External work Length tension ```
60
advantages of isometric strength training
Little or no equipment required Little danger of causing joint irritation Can be performed on any muscle Muscle atrophy is retarded in the case of an immobilised limb Easy to learn
61
disadvantages of isometric strength training
Strength increases are specifically at the angle of the joint during exercise Limited patient feedback - impact on patient motivation Muscle endurance not enhanced Eccentric contractions do not occur
62
advantages isotonic strength training
Strength develops throughout ROM, although not maximally at all points in the range i.e. inner / middle / outer Motivation by achievement Enhanced muscle endurance Eccentric and concentric components
63
disadvantages isotonic strength training
Muscle may be loaded in weakest part of range Momentum of weight Equipment can be expensive Space requirements
64
what advantage does isokinetic training offer you?
Isokinetic exercise offers the advantage of a variable resistance which allows the development of maximum effort by the performance throughout full ROM
65
advantages of kinetic strength training
Maximum overload of muscle throughout ROM Resistance accommodates to weaker part of range Exercise at varying speeds
66
disadvantages of kinetic strength training
Equipment is expensive Trained personnel to operate and maintain equipment Time consuming if > one muscle

NMSKI (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions