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NMSKI > Strength Endurance > Flashcards

Strength Endurance Flashcards

1
Q

therapeutic exercise definition

A

Systematic performance or execution of planned physical movements, postures or activities intended to enable pt. / client to:
Remediate or prevent impairments
Improve, restore or enhance physical function
Prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
Optimise overall health status, fitness or sense of well-being (APTA, 2001)

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2
Q

muscle strength

A

is the ability of the skeletal muscle to develop force for the purpose of providing stability and mobility within the musculoskeletal system so that functional movement can take place

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3
Q

factors determining muscle strength

A 
No. / size of motor units activated
Cross-sectional area 
Type of contraction
Length of muscle
Speed of contraction
Age / fitness of subject
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4
Q

endurance

A
  • ability to perform repeated contractions against a less-than-maximal load / to continue a particular task accurately for a prolonged period of time
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5
Q

endurance is influenced by

A 
Strength
Neuromuscular skill
Fatty tissue
Circulatory/respiratory
Lactic acid tolerance
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6
Q

types of exercises

A

(passive)
assisted exercise
free active exercise
resisted exercise

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7
Q

passive movement

A

Movement produced entirely be an external force with the absence of voluntary muscle activity on behalf of the patient

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8
Q

who/what supplies force isn passive exercise

A

force supplied by physio / machine (Continuous Passive Machine - CPM)

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9
Q

assisted active exercise

A

Movement is produced in part by an external force but is completed by use of voluntary muscle contraction

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10
Q

free active exercise

A

Movement produced solely by use of the individual’s voluntary muscle action
Used as strengthening for grade 2 and above (Oxford scale) or to mobilise structures

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11
Q

resistance exercise

A

Any form of active exercise in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically
Rehabilitation, injury prevention and training

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12
Q

strengthening principles

A

Specific exercises (SAID principle: Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands)
No pain
Attainable goals
Progressive overload

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13
Q

progression

A

– ‘act of moving forward or advancing toward a specific goal’

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14
Q

If muscle performance is to improve what type of load must be applied

A

a load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied

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15
Q

PRE

A

→ Progressive Resistance Exercise

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16
Q

repetition maximum

A

the maximum amount of weight a muscle can lift for that specified number of repetitions

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17
Q

uses of repetition maximum

A

Document a baseline measurement

Identify an exercise load (weight) to be used during ex for specified no.’s reps

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18
Q

intensity

A

load / amt of resistance (%1RM)

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19
Q

strength form

A

high force / low reps

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20
Q

endurance form.

A

low force / high reps

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21
Q

what must be taken into consideration with repetition maximum

A

Volume – no. of reps/sets
Frequency – no. of days per week
Duration
Rest

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22
Q

2 types of methods of giving resistance to muscle work

A

manual resistance

mechanical resistance

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23
Q

manual resistance

A

Therapist / self resistance

Other person applies resistance diagonal patterns (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation-PNF)

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24
Q

examples of mechanical resistance

A 
Suspension therapy
Free weights
Pulleys
Springs
Theraband
Isokinetic equipment
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25
Q

advantage to manual resistance exercise

A

Most effective in early rehab
Transition from assisted to mechanically resisted
Resistance adjusted thro’ ROM – ‘ more finely graded’
Muscle works max thro’out ROM
ROM controlled by therapist

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26
Q

manual resistance guidelines

A

Adjustable plinth
Assume position close to pt to avoid stresses on back & maximise control of extremity
Wide base of support

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27
Q

how do we apply manual resistance and stabilisation

A

Stabilise proximal attachment of contracting muscle, while applying resistance distally to moving segment
Grade & vary resistance to equal abilities of pt
Smooth, controlled mvmts

28
Q

verbs to resist isometric contractions

A

‘hold’ / ‘don’t let me move you’ / ‘match my resistance

29
Q

verbs to resist concentric contractions

A

push or pull

30
Q

verbs to resist eccentric contractions

A

‘slowly let go as I push or pull you’

31
Q

disadvantages of manual resistance

A 
Load is subjective
Amt resistance limited to strength of therapist
Little value for strong m’s
Cannot be performed independently by pt
Impractical for endurance
32
Q

advantages of mechanical resistance

A

Establishes quantitative baseline
Intermediate / advanced phase of rehab
Heavy loads can be used
Adds variety to resistance program

33
Q

disadvantage of mechanical resistance

A

Not appropriate when m’s weak or soft tissue in early stage of healing
Max loading at one point in ROM (constant resistance)
Expense for purchase / maintenance

34
Q

when would suspension be used

A

Early rehab, m’s 2-3/5

35
Q

suspension

A

Parts of the body are supported in slings and elevated by the use of variable length ropes fixed to a point above the body
Suspension frees the body from friction → permits free mvmt without resistance

36
Q

elements of suspension

A

Fixed point + suspensory unit (sling & adjustable rope)

37
Q

types of fixation

A

vertical
axial
free weights

38
Q

vertical fixation

A

Rope fixed vertically above centre of gravity of part to be suspended (junction upper & middle third)

39
Q

use of vertical fixation

A

used for support

40
Q

axial fixation

A

Ropes attached to ‘S’ hook which is fixed to point immediately above centre of joint to be moved
If resistance is required, whole fixed point moved away from m’s which require resistance

41
Q

free weights

A 
dumbbells 
barbells 
cuff weights 
weighted vests 
sandbags
42
Q

why is patient position important and give example

A

When the pull of gravity is perpendicular to the lever arm, resistance is at its greatest
Choose optimum position for ex

43
Q

characteristics of exercise pulley unit

A

Constant load imposed → maximally challenges the contracting muscle at only one portion of ROM when pt in particular position

44
Q

advantages of exercise pulley unit

A

Exercises can be set up in many positions
Dynamic, non-weight bearing positions
Stabilising m’s groups recruited
Resistance ↑small increments

45
Q

factors to take into consideration when applyingof bands

A 
grade 
length 
securing 
setting up 
progression
46
Q

advantages of elastic resistance bands

A

Portable, relatively inexpensive, ideal HEP
Not gravity dependent → versatile, ex’s in many combinations of mvmt patterns
Moderate to fast velocities safe, inertia of moving wt does not have to be overcome

47
Q

disadvantages of elastic resistance bands

A

Refer to table for quantitative info about level of resistance
Difficult to select grade initially
No source of stabilisation, pt use muscular stabilisation

48
Q

advantages of weight stack machines

A

Allows progression
Puts user in correct position
Suitable for many muscle groups
Safe for power training

49
Q

disadvantages of weight stack machines

A

Not accessible to all
Expensive
Not suitable for frail
Difficult to use with wheelchairs

50
Q

advantages of air pressure or hydraulic machines

A

Similar to weight stack machines except that the weight can be more finely tuned

51
Q

disadvantages of air pressure or hydraulic machines

A

Similar to weight stack machines but more expensive

52
Q

advantage of isokinetic training

A

Isokinetic exercise offers the advantage of a variable resistance which allows the development of maximum effort by the performance throughout full ROM

53
Q

Equipment for Closed Chain Training

A 
Weight bearing postures
Full / partial body wt
Total gym – multipurpose ex system
Balance boards
Slide boards
54
Q

traits of Reciprocal Exercise Equipment and its purpose

A

Low-intensity, high repetition resistance training to increase muscular endurance and reciprocal co-ordination of UL / LL

55
Q

Reciprocal Exercise Equipment for warm ups and cool downs

A

Portable resisted reciprocal units
Stair-stepping machines
Cross-country ski machines
Upper extremity ergometers

56
Q

examples of dynamic stabilisation

A

swiss balls/foam rollers

57
Q

types of muscle activity

A

isometric
dynamic
isotonic
isokinetic

58
Q

traits of isometric training

A

Static contractions
No change in muscle length
No external work
Maximal or submaximal contraction

59
Q

isotonic muscle activity

A 
– concentric & eccentric
Dynamic contractions
Change in length
External work
Length tension
60
Q

advantages of isometric strength training

A

Little or no equipment required
Little danger of causing joint irritation
Can be performed on any muscle
Muscle atrophy is retarded in the case of an immobilised limb
Easy to learn

61
Q

disadvantages of isometric strength training

A

Strength increases are specifically at the angle of the joint during exercise
Limited patient feedback - impact on patient motivation
Muscle endurance not enhanced
Eccentric contractions do not occur

62
Q

advantages isotonic strength training

A

Strength develops throughout ROM, although not maximally at all points in the range i.e. inner / middle / outer
Motivation by achievement
Enhanced muscle endurance
Eccentric and concentric components

63
Q

disadvantages isotonic strength training

A

Muscle may be loaded in weakest part of range
Momentum of weight
Equipment can be expensive
Space requirements

64
Q

what advantage does isokinetic training offer you?

A

Isokinetic exercise offers the advantage of a variable resistance which allows the development of maximum effort by the performance throughout full ROM

65
Q

advantages of kinetic strength training

A

Maximum overload of muscle throughout ROM
Resistance accommodates to weaker part of range
Exercise at varying speeds

66
Q

disadvantages of kinetic strength training

A

Equipment is expensive
Trained personnel to operate and maintain equipment
Time consuming if > one muscle

NMSKI (38 decks)

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