Range of Motion

Question 1

range of motion

Answer 1

Amount of motion available at a joint

Question 2

anatomical position

Answer 2

Starting position for measurement

Question 3

osteokinematics

Answer 3

study of movement of bones around joints – i.e. the gross movement/physiological movement

Question 4

arthrokinematics

Answer 4

study of movement of joint surfaces/ ‘joint play’, accessory movements

Question 5

goniometry

Answer 5

measures angles of the osteokinematic motion and not arthrokinematics

Question 6

sagittal plane movements on that axis

Answer 6

flexion/extension

separate left to right

Question 7

frontal/coronal plane movements on axis

Answer 7

adduction/ abduction

anterior and posterior

Question 8

transverse plane movements

Answer 8

rotation around vertical

superior and inferior

Question 9

arthrokinematics movement

Answer 9

slide/glide
spin
roll

Question 10

slide/glide

Answer 10

: Translatory motion i.e. the slide of one joint surface over another

Question 11

spin

Answer 11

Rotary motion where all points on the moving joint surface rotate at a constant distance around a fixed axis of motion (spinning top)

Question 12

roll

Answer 12

Rotary motion (wheel rotating across surface

Question 13

principles of movement convex on concave surface movement

Answer 13

For a convex-on-concave surface movement, the convex surface rolls and slides in opposite direction to the movement of the shaft of the bone.

Question 14

principles of movement concave-convex on CONCAVE surface

Answer 14

For a concave-on-convex surface movement, the concave surface rolls and slides in the same direction

Question 15

physiological movement

Answer 15

– joint movement that can occur voluntarily

Question 16

accessory movement

Answer 16

– movement that accompanies physiological joint movement but cannot be performed voluntarily i.e. arthrokinematic motions

Question 17

AROM

Answer 17

Active ->unassisted voluntary joint range of movement

Question 18

PROM

Answer 18

Passive ->assisted joint movement (document ROM – whether A or P for repeatability)

Question 19

close packed position

Answer 19

Position of maximal congruency of joint surfaces.

In this position, most ligaments and parts of capsule are taut providing an efficient & stable joint position.

Question 20

accessory motions of close packed position

Answer 20

minimal

Question 21

loose packed position

Answer 21

Position(s) in which ligaments and capsule are most slackened.
Potential volume of joint is at its greatest  effused joints adopt this position.

Question 22

accessory motions of loose packed position

Answer 22

maximal accessory motions Often mid-range

Question 23

what influences joint ROM

Answer 23

Age – joint specific not in general
Gender – a/a
Occupation
Time of day – Circadian Rhythm
Temperature

Question 24

Components of joint ROM assessment

Answer 24

quality of movement
quantity 
presence of resistance through range
pain behaviour
joint sounds
reactive muscle spasms
Endf eel

Question 25

end feel

Answer 25

sensation transmitted to therapists hands | indicate structure limit the movement

Question 26

soft end feel structure

Answer 26

Soft Tissue Approximation

Question 27

soft end feel example

Answer 27

Knee flexion (contact between posterior soft tissue of the calf and thigh

Question 28

firm end feel structure

Answer 28

muscular stretch capsular stretch ligament stretch

Question 29

firm end feel muscular stretch example

Answer 29

Hip flexion with the knee straight (passive elastic tension of the hamstring muscles)

Question 30

firm end feel capsular stretch example

Answer 30

Extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints (tension in the anterior capsule)

Question 31

firm end feel ligament stretch example

Answer 31

Forearm supination (tension in the palmar radioulnar ligament of the inferior radio-ulnar joint and interosseous membrane)

Question 32

example of hard end feel structure

Answer 32

elbow extension

Question 33

hard end feel example

Answer 33

Contact between olecranon fossa of humerus and olecranon process of ulna

Question 34

abnormal soft end feels description

Answer 34

Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual in a joint that normally has a firm or hard end-feel. Feels boggy

Question 35

abnormal soft end feels examples

Answer 35

Soft-tissue oedema (swelling) | Synovitis

Question 36

abnormal firm end feel description

Answer 36

Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual in a joint that normally has a soft or hard end-feel

Question 37

abnormal firm end feel example

Answer 37

Capsular, ligamentous, muscular and fascial shortening

Question 38

abnormal hard end feel description

Answer 38

Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual in a joint that normally has a soft or firm end-feel. A bony grating or bony-block is felt.

Question 39

abnormal hard end feel example

Answer 39

Osteoarthritis (esp advanced stage) Loose bodies in joint Fracture Myositis ossificans

Question 40

abnormal empty end feel description

Answer 40

No real end-feel as pain prevents reaching end of ROM. No resistance is felt except for patient’s splinting or muscle spasm

Question 41

abnormal empty end feel example

Answer 41

Pain limiting pathologies e.g. Fracture Abscess Acute bursitis Other acute inflammation

Question 42

capsular pattern

Answer 42

pattern of passive limitation evident when a pathological condition involves the entire joint capsule

Question 43

conition where capsular pattern can be useful

Answer 43

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Osteoarthritis (OA) Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis.

Question 44

non capsular pattern

Answer 44

variable and usually results from a condition involving structures other than joint capsule e.g. ligament, muscle or small adhesion in part of capsule.

Question 45

contraindications to joint assessment

Answer 45

``` Joint dislocation (that has not been reduced) Unhealed / untreated fracture Immediately post-op to tendons, muscle, joint capsule or skin ```

Question 46

JT assessment precautions

Answer 46

``` Infection/ inflammatory process in or close to joint Early stage of healing Analgesia or Muscle relaxants taken Bone fragility e.g. Osteoporosis Hypermobile or subluxed joint haemophilia region of a haematoma ```

Question 47

measurement tools to quantify ROM

Answer 47

Inclinometer Universal goniometer Goniometer app

Question 48

benefits of universal goniometer

Answer 48

Inexpensive Reliable and valid Easy to use in clinical setting

Question 49

where is universal goniometer measured

Answer 49

Stationary Arm Fulcrum Moveable arm