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NMSKI > Range of Motion > Flashcards

Range of Motion Flashcards

1
Q

range of motion

A

Amount of motion available at a joint

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2
Q

anatomical position

A

Starting position for measurement

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3
Q

osteokinematics

A

study of movement of bones around joints – i.e. the gross movement/physiological movement

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4
Q

arthrokinematics

A

study of movement of joint surfaces/ ‘joint play’, accessory movements

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5
Q

goniometry

A

measures angles of the osteokinematic motion and not arthrokinematics

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6
Q

sagittal plane movements on that axis

A

flexion/extension

separate left to right

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7
Q

frontal/coronal plane movements on axis

A

adduction/ abduction

anterior and posterior

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8
Q

transverse plane movements

A

rotation around vertical

superior and inferior

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9
Q

arthrokinematics movement

A

slide/glide
spin
roll

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10
Q

slide/glide

A

: Translatory motion i.e. the slide of one joint surface over another

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11
Q

spin

A

Rotary motion where all points on the moving joint surface rotate at a constant distance around a fixed axis of motion (spinning top)

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12
Q

roll

A

Rotary motion (wheel rotating across surface

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13
Q

principles of movement convex on concave surface movement

A

For a convex-on-concave surface movement, the convex surface rolls and slides in opposite direction to the movement of the shaft of the bone.

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14
Q

principles of movement concave-convex on CONCAVE surface

A

For a concave-on-convex surface movement, the concave surface rolls and slides in the same direction

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15
Q

physiological movement

A

– joint movement that can occur voluntarily

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16
Q

accessory movement

A

– movement that accompanies physiological joint movement but cannot be performed voluntarily i.e. arthrokinematic motions

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17
Q

AROM

A

Active ->unassisted voluntary joint range of movement

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18
Q

PROM

A

Passive ->assisted joint movement (document ROM – whether A or P for repeatability)

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19
Q

close packed position

A

Position of maximal congruency of joint surfaces.

In this position, most ligaments and parts of capsule are taut providing an efficient & stable joint position.

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20
Q

accessory motions of close packed position

A

minimal

21
Q

loose packed position

A

Position(s) in which ligaments and capsule are most slackened.
Potential volume of joint is at its greatest  effused joints adopt this position.

22
Q

accessory motions of loose packed position

A

maximal accessory motions Often mid-range

23
Q

what influences joint ROM

A 
Age – joint specific not in general
Gender – a/a
Occupation
Time of day – Circadian Rhythm
Temperature
24
Q

Components of joint ROM assessment

A 
quality of movement
quantity 
presence of resistance through range
pain behaviour
joint sounds
reactive muscle spasms
Endf eel
25
Q

end feel

A

sensation transmitted to therapists hands

indicate structure limit the movement

26
Q

soft end feel structure

A

Soft Tissue Approximation

27
Q

soft end feel example

A

Knee flexion (contact between posterior soft tissue of the calf and thigh

28
Q

firm end feel structure

A

muscular stretch
capsular stretch
ligament stretch

29
Q

firm end feel muscular stretch example

A

Hip flexion with the knee straight (passive elastic tension of the hamstring muscles)

30
Q

firm end feel capsular stretch example

A

Extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints (tension in the anterior capsule)

31
Q

firm end feel ligament stretch example

A

Forearm supination (tension in the palmar radioulnar ligament of the inferior radio-ulnar joint and interosseous membrane)

32
Q

example of hard end feel structure

A

elbow extension

33
Q

hard end feel example

A

Contact between olecranon fossa of humerus and olecranon process of ulna

34
Q

abnormal soft end feels description

A

Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual in a joint that normally has a firm or hard end-feel. Feels boggy

35
Q

abnormal soft end feels examples

A

Soft-tissue oedema (swelling)

Synovitis

36
Q

abnormal firm end feel description

A

Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual in a joint that normally has a soft or hard end-feel

37
Q

abnormal firm end feel example

A

Capsular, ligamentous, muscular and fascial shortening

38
Q

abnormal hard end feel description

A

Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual in a joint that normally has a soft or firm end-feel. A bony grating or bony-block is felt.

39
Q

abnormal hard end feel example

A

Osteoarthritis (esp advanced stage)
Loose bodies in joint
Fracture
Myositis ossificans

40
Q

abnormal empty end feel description

A

No real end-feel as pain prevents reaching end of ROM. No resistance is felt except for patient’s splinting or muscle spasm

41
Q

abnormal empty end feel example

A

Pain limiting pathologies e.g. Fracture
Abscess
Acute bursitis
Other acute inflammation

42
Q

capsular pattern

A

pattern of passive limitation evident when a pathological condition involves the entire joint capsule

43
Q

conition where capsular pattern can be useful

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis.

44
Q

non capsular pattern

A

variable and usually results from a condition involving structures other than joint capsule e.g. ligament, muscle or small adhesion in part of capsule.

45
Q

contraindications to joint assessment

A 
Joint dislocation (that has not been reduced)
Unhealed / untreated fracture
Immediately post-op to tendons, muscle, joint capsule or skin
46
Q

JT assessment precautions

A 
Infection/ inflammatory process in or close to joint
Early stage of healing  
Analgesia or Muscle relaxants taken
Bone fragility e.g. Osteoporosis
Hypermobile or subluxed joint
haemophilia
region of a haematoma
47
Q

measurement tools to quantify ROM

A

Inclinometer
Universal goniometer
Goniometer app

48
Q

benefits of universal goniometer

A

Inexpensive
Reliable and valid
Easy to use in clinical setting

49
Q

where is universal goniometer measured

A

Stationary Arm
Fulcrum
Moveable arm

NMSKI (38 decks)

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