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Environmental Science > Strategies To Secure Future Mineral Supplies > Flashcards

Strategies To Secure Future Mineral Supplies Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do new technologies need tk be invented for mineral extraction

A

As we need tk find and extract new deposits including low grade and less accessible deposits

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2
Q

What is remote sensing? (Energy)

A

Looking for minerals from a distance

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3
Q

How can remote sensing be improved

A

Better satellites that carry better sensors for more detailed images

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4
Q

How does remote sensing work

A

Light waves are sent to the surface and different minerals reflect the light in different ways

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5
Q

How can better field equipment help

A

Testing cab be done more accurately and quickly

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6
Q

How has tech advancement meant depth of minerals is less of a problem

A

Minerals that were inaccessible can now be exploited

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7
Q

What is the exploration of low grade ores

A

Looking for minerals of a lower grade

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8
Q

How do we normally get mineral out of rock

A

Smelting the ore done at high temperatures = costly

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9
Q

What is bioleaching

A

Mining that extracts valuable metals from low grade ore with the help of microorganisms like bacteria or Archaea

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10
Q

What bacteria are used for bio mining

A

Acidiphilic (love acid)

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11
Q

What are acidicphilic bacteria used to extract

A

Gold
Copper
Zinc
Lead

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12
Q

How is the solution from bio leaching separated

A

Electrolysis

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13
Q

What are the benefits Of bio mining

A

Less energy used
No sulphur dioxide used (environmental harmful)

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14
Q

Why are low concentrations not a problem for bacteria

A

Ignore the waste that surrounds the metals

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15
Q

What can be the extraction yield of bio mining

A

90% in some cases

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16
Q

What is phyto mining

A

The use of plants to abrob metals from the soil

17
Q

What is the process of phytomining

A

Plant absorb metal
Plant is harvested then burned to produce ash containing metal
Acid added to ash to produce a metal leachate
Metal obtained by electrolysis

18
Q

Why isnt phyto mining currently viable

A

Large scale harvesting is currenlty mire costly than current mining techniques

19
Q

What is leachate collection

A

Leachate from spoil heaps collected for any dissolved metal ions

20
Q

Is leachate collection currently used

A

No as supply isnt low enough to be needed

21
Q

How is concentration of leachate increased

A

Re-ciruclating through the spoil

22
Q

How are the ions extracted from the leachate

A

Electrolysis

23
Q

What is cradle to cradle design

A

Describes the potentially infinite corculation of minerals and nutrients
Something can be re-used

24
Q

What are the benefits of recycling

A

Conservation of resources
Reduced energy use
Reduced impact from extraction and processing
Reduced waste disposal

25
Q

Is all recycling old used products

A

No- industrial waste like metal trimmingsand discarded part of manufacturing

26
Q

What is the problem with recycling

A

Not always cheaper as time consuming

27
Q

Why is identification of minerals a problem

A

Metals or mineral are mixed time consuming and difficult to identify

28
Q

How many different types of plastic are there

A

More than 50

29
Q

Why is seperation a problem

A

When resource is identified it needs tk be seperated with alloya this may not be possible

30
Q

How is quality affected by recycling

A

The more a resource is recyled the worse it gets becomes fragile

31
Q

How is recycling environmentally damaging

A

More trips for collection and after seperation

32
Q

Why is contamination a problem when recycling

A

Can be hazadous and may be un-recyclable

33
Q

What is one of the biggest problems with recycling

A

Lack of consumer cooperation

Environmental Science (90 decks)

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