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New Energy Consrvation Technologies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three areas where energy can be conserved?

A

Transport
Building
Industry

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2
Q

How does car shape affect efficiency?

A

Improving its aerodynamics or hydrodynamics

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3
Q

What does a more effective vehicle shape mean?

A

Less energy is needed to push the vehicle forwards

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4
Q

How can lorry design be more effective?

A

Instead of having a boxy trailer the cabin of the lorry can be sloped to become more aerodynamic and ave energy as there is less drag

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5
Q

What does a lower mass vehicle do?

A

Less weight to move so less energy is used

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6
Q

What are some ways a vehicle can be made lighter?

A
  • If strength isn’t needed plastic or carbon fibre can be used
    -steel alloys with titanium (strong and light) is used in the panels
  • engine blocks aren’t cast iron but are now aluminium
  • rounded surfaces take up less room and have a smaller surface area
  • high density batteries store more energy but have less mass
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7
Q

What happens to fuel economy when a cars weight is reduced by 10%?

A

5-7% improvement in fuel economy

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8
Q

What % do your tyres and rolling resistance account for overall fuel consumption?

A

Around 15%

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9
Q

What is the main characteristic of energy saving tyres?

A

They have a lower rolling resistance

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10
Q

How are tyres ranked for efficiency?

A

A for the best
G for the worst

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11
Q

What does lower tyre pressure mean?

A

More rolling resistance (increased friction) so higher fuel consumption

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12
Q

What does KERS stand for?

A

Kinetic Energy Recovery System

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13
Q

what is KERS?

A

A system for recovering a moving vehicles kinetic energy under braking

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14
Q

What happens to energy form braking in traditional cars?

A

It is lost to the atmosphere as heat

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15
Q

What does KERS do?

A

Recovers energy and sores it for after use under acceleration

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16
Q

How can bulk transport systems be more efficient?

A

To do fewer journeys

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17
Q

Why is less energy better is mass is increased?

A

Once the mass is moving there is energy saving as log as more goods are in transit

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18
Q

What is embodied energy?

A

The sum of all energy required to produce a product (extraction, assembly, and transportation)

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19
Q

What is the embodied energy of a typical car?

A

Equivalent to 1.5 years of the fuel it consumes

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20
Q

What are the ways embodied energy can be reduced in cars?

A

Can be made using recycled materials
Electric cars- the mass of the batteries used to power them increases their embodied energy so reducing battery mass
Using fewer materials

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21
Q

What are transport infrastructure and management systems?

A

The idea that it is not always efficient or sustainable to use one vehicle type for a whole journey (car in a city centre congestion)

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22
Q

What is a better inner city transport option over cars?

A

Park and ride
Trains where people can lock their bike

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23
Q

What do SMART motorways do?

A

Relieve congestion by making the hard shoulder available for use by traffic

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24
Q

What does the technology on SMART motorways do?

A

Monitor traffic levels
Change the speed limit to smooth traffic flow , reduce frustrating stop-start driving and improve journey items
Activate warning signs to alert drivers to traffic jams and hazards up ahead
Close lanes

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25
How can the end of life environmental impacts of vehicle design be minimised?
Using recycled materials where possible Easy identification of components and their composition (code numbers) Easy dismantling and separation of components Use of reusable components for use in new vehicles Use of compostable materials for components that can’t be recycled
26
what is one of the most important aspects for energy saving house design?
Orientation- the way the house faces
27
what way does the sun face in the northern hemisphere?
south for most of the day
28
what way does the sun face in the southern hemisphere?
north
29
why does sun direction affect house design?
must ensure windows exist on the south sides usually making a warmer home
30
what is common with north facing houses?
they are usually colder
31
what can be done to reduce the coldness of north facing houses?
make sure windows are smaller so less heat is lost form this side
32
what rooms would you want to put on the south side of a house?
rooms that need more warmth such as lounges as less artificial heating is needed
33
how can surface area of a house affect how warm it is/ how much is needed to heat it?
lots of exterior walls make for cooler houses (detached houses are cooler, flats are generally warmer)
34
what are materials with a high thermal mass?
using materials which are denser so warm up and cool down more slowly
35
what is a good example of an energy dense material?
concrete
36
what is one way to reduce energy demands of the home?
using low embodied energy materials
37
what is the negative of concrete?
naturally high in embodied energy
38
what makes the high embodied energy of concrete less of a problem?
concrete is found in powder form so old buildings can be demolished and the concrete recycled
39
where is an example of when concrete has been recycled?
92% of the London Olympic buildings were recycled
40
what is an alternative to concrete?
limecrete
41
what is the difference in embodied energy for limecrete and concrete?
limecrete cuts the energy by half
42
what can also be done to keep a building warmer in winter and cooler in summer?
sinking the building into the ground
43
what unconventional materials can be used to make buildings?
rammed earth or straw
44
where has rammed earth been used in the past?
the great wall of china which was made over 1000 years ago
45
what is traditional rammed earth made of?
a mix of clay-rich soil water natural stabiliser
46
what are some examples of natural stabilisers for rammed earth?
animal urine animal blood plant fibres bitumen
47
what is a newer version of rammed earth?
for past 30 years cement-stabilised rammed earth (CRSE) has appeared
48
what does CSRE consist of?
mix of low clay soil water cement
49
what is the main positive of CSRE?
main ingredient is soil (in remote areas using local soil significantly reduces cost of transportation and embodied energy)
50
what can be used over CRSE?
straw is a by-product but can be used to build homes and often locally sourced so reduces energy/ environmental impacts
51
what can be done to homes to stop heat escaping easily?
well insulated contain low conductivity materials use energy conserving materials (windows/doors)
52
what can make windows more effective?
should have multiple layers of glass with gaps between
53
what do the gaps between glass layers need to be?
big enough to reduce conduction losses but not too big that convection currents can start
54
how can the gaps between glass layers vary?
depending on the gasses pumped into the gap inert gasses (argon and xenon) are most effective but expensive
55
what is low e-glazing?
a film coating enabling infrared to be reflected back into the house keeping it warmer
56
what are U values?
these are the standard measure for insulation there are legal requirements for minimum insulation level
57
what is the most common floor/ wall insulation?
prefabricated boards with a foil layer (reflects back infrared radiation)
58
what is a more natural form of insulation?
Wool waste product not used for much else
59
what is energy management?
looks at how we can be less wasteful within the home itself
60
what are occupancy sensors?
work by detecting the movement of body heat can turn lighting on or off as needed
61
what are the 4 stages of occupancy sensors?
light off gradual light on light to full on gradual light off
62
What are programmable thermostats?
Unlike having a dial it is a device that connects to your phone and monitors/ learns you energy usage and routine and will turn the heating on before you get home and can turn it off if it sees you’re in another country
63
What do heat exchangers and mechanical ventilation do?
Warm stale air sucked out of ‘wet’ rooms to the heat exchanger Heat removed from warm stale air and passed by the het exchanger to the cool air outside
64
What are some low energy appliances?
Light bulbs LED instead of CFL Dish washer use new dishwashers use less water so less heating needed Cookers modern cookers have double or triple glazing to prevent heat losses
65
What is the most important energy saving area of industry?
Heat management
66
Why is heat so important t in industry?
Usually needed for processing and manufacturing
67
What are heat exchangers used for?
To keep machinery, chemicals , water, gas and other substances within a safe operating range Used to transfer heat exhaust/ steam that is a by product so that it can be put to better use somewhere else

Environmental Science (90 decks)

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