Legislation And protocols Flashcards
What is the problem with laws to protect endangered species
difficult to enforce and may be broken through ignorance
When did the wildlife and countryside act come about
1981
What area does the wildlife and countryside act cover
United Kingdom
What sort of things are included in the wildlife and countryside act
Uprooting of wild plants with made illegal
Protection of wild birds and their nests
Possession of mammal species such as otters is illegal
What are the several key ways in which legal designation can protect habitats and species
Protection of species;
Protection of habitats;
Restrictions on activities within the protected area;
restrictions on activities outside the protected area;
management agreements between the landowner and designated organisation;
Access restrictions
international cooperation
Name Examples of designated areas
Site of special scientific interest
National nature reserve
Special area of conservation
Special protection area
Natura of 2000 sites
Ramsar sites
Marine nature reserve
Local nature reserve
Marine protected area
Marine conservation zone
How many appendixes CITES
Two appendixes
What does appendix one of CITES take into account
Include species are threatened with extinction all international treaties banned except movement for conservation breeding programs
What does appendix 2 of CITES cover
Include species that may be threatened with extinction if trade is not closely control trade allowed from areas of surplus population
What sort of trade is allowed under appendix 2
Trade is permitted from countries where the species is relatively well protected so limited exploitation does not threaten the survival
What is the IWC
International whaling commission
What is the main aim of the IWC
Regulate and manage whaling 
Why was whaling banned in 1986
Populations have been so depleted by unregulated whaling 
What needs to happen for Whaling to be unbanned 
When the Populations have recovered enough to be able to withstand commercial whaling
How does the IWC regulate whaling
Total protection for certain species
Designation of whale sanctuaries
Setting limits on number and size of Whales that can be caught
Protection of suckling mothers and their calves
 carrying out research into whale biology and activities that threaten whales such as ship strikes and entanglement with fishing nets
When does the IWC allow whale exploitation
Aboriginal subsistence
Special permit Whaling or scientific whaling
Commercial whaling
Why do the IWC allow exploitation for aboriginals subsistence
Permitted cultural groups that have traditionally hunted whales for food I.e. the Inuit of Alaska
How many whales are the Inuit of Alaska allowed to catch
55 bowhead whales each year
Why is scientific or special permit whaling allowed
Involves killing Wales for scientific research Japan use this approach but it was declared it wasn’t for scientific research
Where is commercial fishing allowed (whales)
I see the Norway use in IWC regulation to set their own quota for commercial whaling
What is the EU CFP
Common fishery policy of the European Union
What is the Common fisheries policy for the European Union
Series of regulations I control fishing within the territorial waters of the European Union
What is the aim of the EU CFP
Insure that fishing in agriculture environmentally, economically and socially sustainable to allow a healthy food source for EU citizens
What does regulation typically cover for the EUCFP
Catch quotas
Size limits
Net mesh size
A ban on discarding unwanted fish
What does the ITTO stand for
International tropical Timber organisation
What’s the aim of the ITTO
Encourage sustainable management of tropical rainforest
What were the ITTO attempting 
By 2000 they wanted the international trade of timber to come from sustainably manage forests however this was unsuccessful
