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Straight Memorization BS Flashcards

1
Q

immunodeficiencies

A

seriously

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2
Q

signaling pathways

A

why????

  1. MAP-kinase
  2. PI3K/Akt/mTOR
  3. IP3
  4. cAMP
  5. JAK/STAT
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3
Q

things post MI

A

this bs

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4
Q

things post stroke

A

ugh

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5
Q

X-linked d/os

A 
Oblivious Females Will Often Give Her Boys Her x-Linked Disorders
Ornithine transcarbamylase def
Fabry dz
Wiskott-Aldrich synd
Ocular albinism
G6PD def
Hunter synd
Bruton agammaglobulinemia
Hemophilia A/B
Lesch-Nyhan synd
Duchenne (and Becker) MD
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6
Q

AutoRec dzs

A 
albinism
ARPKD
CF
glycogen storage dzs
hemochromatosis
Kartagener
mucopolysaccharidoses (except Hunter)
PKU
sickle cell
sphingolipidoses (except Fabry)
thalassemia
Wilson
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7
Q

chromosome 3

A

VHL dz,

renal cell carcinoma

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8
Q

chromosome 4

A

ADPKD (PKD2)
achondroplasia,
Huntington

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9
Q

chromosome 5

A

Cri-du-chat syndrome

FAP

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10
Q

chromosome 6

A

hemochromatoSIX

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11
Q

chromosome 7

A

Williams synd

CF

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12
Q

chromosome 9

A

Friedreich ataxia

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13
Q

chromosome 11

A

Wilms tumor
sickle cell
beta thal

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14
Q

chromosome 13

A

Patau
Wilson
retinoblastoma (RB1)
BRCA2

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15
Q

chromosome 15

A

Prader-Willi
Angelman
Marfan

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16
Q

chromosome 16

A

ADPKD (PKD1)

alpha thal

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17
Q

chromosome 17

A

NF 1

BRCA 1

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18
Q

chromosome 18

A

Edwards

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19
Q

chromosome 21

A

down

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20
Q

chromosome 22

A

NF 2

DiGeorge (CATCH-22)

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21
Q

cGMP

A

guanylyl cyclase –> up cGMP
BNP
ANP
NO

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22
Q

Fabry def

A

alpha-gAlactosidase (–> extra globotriaosylceramide)

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23
Q

Tay-Sachs def

A

beta-hexosamidase A (–> extra GM2: ganglioside)

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24
Q

GaUcher def

A

beta-glUcocerebrosiderase (–> extra glucocerebroside)

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25
Niemann Pick def
sphingomyelinase (--> extra sphingmyelin)
26
KrAbbe def
gAlactocerebrosidase (--> galactocerebroside and psychosine)
27
metachromatic leukodystrophy def
arylsulfatase A (--> extra cerebroside sulfate)
28
CDs
shit nugget
29
coenzyme crap
seriously
30
cAMP signaling
``` "FLAT ChAMP" FSH LH ACTH TSH CRH hCG ADH MSH PTH calcitonin GHRH glucagon ```
31
cGMP signaling
``` "BAD GraMPa" BNP ANP EDRF NO ```
32
IP3 signaling
``` "GOAT HAG" GnRH oxytocin ADH TRH histamine angiotensin II gastrin ```
33
intracellular receptor
``` "PET CAT on TV" progesterone estrogen testosterone cortisol aldosterone T3/T4 vitamin D ```
34
receptor tyrosine kinase
``` --> MAP kinase insulin IGF-1 FGF PDGF EGF ```
35
nonreceptor tyrosine kinase
``` --> JAK/STAT pathway prolactin immunomodulators (cytokines, ILs, IFN) GH G-CSF EPO thrombopoietin ```
36
surface proteins on all T cells
TCR (binds Ag-MHC complex) CD3 (a/w TCR) CD28 (bind B7 on APC) CXCR4/CCR5 (co-receptors for HIV)
37
helper T cell surface proteins
CD4 | CD40L
38
cytoxic T cell surface proteins
CD8 | CXCR4/CCR5
39
regulatory T cells surface proteins
CD4 | CD25
40
B cell surface proteins
``` Ig (binds Ag, all have IgM, IgD) CD19 CD20 CD21 (EBV rec) CD40 MHC II B7 ```
41
macrophage surface proteins
``` CD14 CD40 CCR5 MHC II B7 (CD80/86) Fc and C3b receptors ```
42
NK cell surface proteins
CD16 (binds Fc) | CD56
43
hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins
CD34
44
anti-ACh receptor
myasthenia gravis
45
anti-BM
goodpasture
46
anti-cardiolipin, lupus anti-coagulant
SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
47
anticentromere
scleroderma (CREST syndrome)
48
anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome)
pemphigus vulgaris
49
anti-dsDNA, anti-smith
SLE
50
anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65)
type I DM
51
anti-hemidesmosome
bullous pemphigoid
52
anti-histone
drug induced lupus
53
anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2
polymyositis, dermatomyositis | anti-Jo-1 = anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase
54
antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin
Hashimoto thyroiditis
55
antimitochondrial
primary biliary cirrhosis
56
antinuclear (ANA)
SLE, nonspecific
57
antiparietal cell
pernicious anemia
58
antiphospholipase A2 receptor
primary membranous nephropathy
59
anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)
scleroderma (diffuse)
60
anti-SM
autoimmune hepatitis type 1
61
anti-SSA, anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La)
Sjogren syndrome
62
anti-TSH receptor
Graves dz
63
anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)
mixed connective tissue dz
64
voltage-gated calcium channel Abs
Lambert-Eaton synddrome
65
IgA anti-endomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase
celiac dz
66
MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA
microscopic polyangiitis | eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
67
PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener)
68
rheumatoid factor (IgM Ab that targets IgG Fc region), anti-CCP
rheumatoid arthritis
69
cytokines secreted by macs
``` IL-1 IL-6 IL-8 IL-12 TNF-alpha ```
70
cytokines secreted by TH1 cells
IL-2 IL-3 IFN-gamma
71
cytokines secreted by TH2
``` IL-2 IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-10 ```
72
what do you need phenylalanine for?
→ tyrosine (which → thyroxine) → dopa (which → melanin) → dopamine → NE → Epi
73
what do you need tryptophan for?
→ niacin (need B6) → NAD+/NADP+ | → serotonin → melatonin
74
what do you need histidine for?
→ histamine (need B6)
75
what do you need glycine for?
→ porphyrin (need B6) → heme
76
what do you need glutamate for?
→ GABA (need B6) | → glutathione
77
what do you need arginine for?
→ creatinine → urea → nitric oxide
78
cancer genes
so many
79
t(14; 18)
follicular lymphoma
80
t(8; 14)
Burkitt lymphoma
81
t(9; 22)
CML
82
t(15; 17)
APL
83
what diff ILs do
who cares
84
B vitamin names
``` B1: thiamine B2: riboflavin B3: niacin B5: pantothenic acid B6: pyridoxine B7: biotin B9: folate B12: cobalamin ```
85
vitamin deficiencies
good christ
86
cofactors
how this
87
vitamin C AKA
ascorbic acid
88
vitamin A AKA
retinol
89
vitamin K AKA
phentomenadione phenylloquinone phytonadione
90
vit E AKA
tocopherol | tocotrienol
91
thiamine (B1) cofactor duties
1. pyruvate dehydrogenase (pyruvate → acetyl CoA) 2. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA) 3. branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (oxidative decarboxylation? of branched-chain AAs: leucine, isoleucine, valine) 4. transketolase (HMP shunt: ribulose-5-P → glyceraldehyde-3-P....or goes on to fructose-6-P)
92
1st aortic arch →
part of maxillary artery
93
2nd aortic arch →
hyoid artery | stapedial artery
94
3rd aortic arch →
common carotid | proximal internal carotid
95
4th aortic arch →
L: aortic arch R: proximal right subclavian artery
96
6th aortic arch →
proximal pulmonary arteries | L: ductus arteriosus
97
glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency
von gierke dz
98
lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency
pompe dz
99
debranching enzyme (alpha-1,6-glucosidase) deficiency
cori dz
100
skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase (myophosphorylase) deficiency
McArdle dz
101
alpha-galactosidase A deficiency
Fabry
102
glucocerebrosidase (beta-glucosidase) deficiency
Gaucher
103
sphingomyelinase deficiency
Niemann-Pick
104
hexosaminidase A deficiency
Tay-Sachs
105
galactocerebrosidase deficiency
Krabbe dz
106
arylsulfatase A
metachromatic leukodystrophy
107
alpha-L-iduronidase
Hurler dz
108
iduronate sulfatase
hunter syndrome
109
structures from neural crest
``` MOTEL PASS melanocytes odontoblasts tracheal cartilage enterochromaffin cells laryngeal cartilage parafollicular cells (thyroid) adrenal medulla, all ganglia schwann cells spiral membrane ```
110
B1 deficiency →
wet beriberi dry beriberi Wernicke-Korsakoff
111
B2 deficiency →
angular cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis | normocytic anemia
112
B3 deficiency →
pellagra
113
B6 deficiency →
cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis
114
B9 deficiency →
megaloblastic anemia | neural tube defects
115
B12 deficiency →
megaloblastic anemia | neurologic defects
116
CD 31
endothelial cell marker | hepatic angiosarcoma
117
what does IL-1 do
aka osteoclast activating factor fever, inflammation activates endo to express adhesion molecules induce chemokine secretion (to recruit WBCs) (from macs)
118
what does IL-2 do
stim growth of NKs,helper T, cytotox T, regulatory T | from T cells
119
what does IL-3 do
support growth/differentiation of bone marrow stem cells like GM-CSF (from T cells)
120
what does IL-4 do
induce T → Th2 promote B cell growth enhance class switching (→ E, G) (from Th2)
121
what does IL-5 do?
stim grow/diff eosinophils promote B cell growth enhance class switching (→ A) (from Th2)
122
what does IL-6 do?
fever stim production of acute phase proteins (from macs)
123
what does IL-8 do?
chemotaxis of neutrophils | from macs
124
what does IL-10 do?
attenuate inflammation inhibit macs/dendritic cells decrease MHC II and Th1 cytokines (from Th2 and regulatory T)
125
what does IL-12 do?
activate NK induce T → Th1 makes NK/T secrete IFN-gamma (from macs)
126
what does TNF-alpha do?
``` WBC recruitment vascular leak activate endothelium mediate septic shock cause cachexia in malignancy ```
127
what does IFN-gamma do?
``` response to IL-12 (macs) stim macs to kill phagocytosed pathogens stim NK to kill virus-infected cells increase MHC/Ag presenting in all inhibits diff of Th2 ```
128
alveolar gas equation
PA O2 = 150 - Pa CO2 / 0.8 | 150 changes if you give them more O2 (up) or altitude (down)
129
dendritic cell surface proteins
CD80/CD86 (B7 protein) | CD40
130
what CD are Fas receptor?
CD95
131
complement pathways (and what starts them)
classic: IgG/M binds Ag and then C1 alternate: activated by molecules on microbes or just activate itself lectin: mannose binding lectin binds to mannose on microbe surface
132
complement proteins in MAC
``` C5b C6 C7 C8 C9 ```
133
opsonization complement proteins
C3b (and IgG)
134
anaphylaxis complement
C3a and C5a
135
mast cell/basophil complement
C3a
136
neutrophil chemotaxis complement
C5a
137
def of C2 esterase inhibitor
hereditary angioedema | more brady?
138
def of C3
recurrent pyogenic infections and RTIs -strep pneumo - H flu susceptible to type III HSR
139
def of DAF (CD55)
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
140
neutrophil chemotactic agents
IL-8 C5a LTB4
141
what activates LCAT
ApoA-1
142
what mediates chylomicron secretion
ApoB-48
143
what mediates VLDL secretion
Apo-B100
144
essential AA
``` PVT TIM HaLL Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Leucine Lysine ```
145
basic AAs
lysine arginine histidine
146
acidic AAs
aspartate | glutamate
147
maple syrup urine dz defect
branch chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (no isoleucine, leucine, methionine)
148
Hartnup dz
decreased tryptophan → pellagra
149
ALK
lung adenocarcinoma
150
BCR-ABL
CML | ALL
151
c-MYC
burkitt
152
RET
MEN 2A/2B, | medullary thyroid cancer
153
JAK2
chronic myeloproliferative d/os
154
MYCL1
lung tumor
155
MYCN
neuroblastoma
156
BCL-2
follicular lymphoma | diffuse large B cell lymphoma
157
BRAF
melanoma | non-hodgkin
158
c-KIT
GI stromal tumor
159
KRAS
colon lung pancreatic
160
RAS
cholangiocarcinoma | pancreatic adenocarcinoma
161
APC
colorectal
162
CDKN2A
melanoma | pancreatic
163
DCC
colon
164
DPC4/SMAD4
pancreatic
165
PTEN
breast prostate endometrial
166
Rb
retinoblastoma osteosarcoma cervical
167
TSC1/2
tuberous sclerosis
168
MSH2/MLH1
lynch syndrome

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