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Classic Findings Flashcards

1
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error
anencephaly
spina bifida (NTDs)

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2
Q

anticentromere Abs

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) Abs

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti-glomerular BM Abs

A

Goodpasture synd (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

antihistone Abs

A

drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide, sulfasalazine)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG Abs

A

RA (systemic inflam, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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7
Q

antimitochondrial Abs (AMAs)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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8
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCAs)

A

microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener): PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA

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9
Q

antinuclear Abs (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III h/s)

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10
Q

antiplatelet Abs

A

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase Abs

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Abs

A

celiac dz

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13
Q

apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually L sided)

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14
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

azurophilic peroxidase +

granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, esp M3 type)

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16
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A)
resistant: S. agalactiae (B)

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17
Q

bamboo spine on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflam arthritis, HLA-B27)

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning

sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

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20
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

boot shaped heart on xray

A

tetralogy of fallot (from RVH)

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22
Q

branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israeli

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23
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor

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24
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosiderin)

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25
cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
Chagas dz (trypanosoma cruzi)
26
cellular crescents in bowman capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
27
chocolate cyst on ovary
endometriosis (often bilat)
28
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
29
colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
CF (AutoRec mutation in CTFR)
30
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
31
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebral tracts affected)
32
delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White synd (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
33
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson dz (basal gang d/o: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
34
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)
35
disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
36
dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia
koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical CA)
37
electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
pericardial tamponade
38
enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
owl eye appearance of CMV
39
enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei w/ central clearing
orphan annie eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
40
orphan annie eyes nuclei
papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
41
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)
42
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
Lewy body (Parkinsons/Lewy body dementia)
43
Mallory bodies
alcoholic liver dz
44
eosinophilic globule in liver
councilman body (viral hep, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
45
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
negri bodies (rabies)
46
extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter
senile plaques (AD)
47
giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions (owls eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
48
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumors)
49
hair on end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell dz (marrow expansion)
50
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydratidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo)
51
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
52
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin lymphoma
53
Schiller-Duvall bodies
yolk sac tumors
54
heterophile Abs
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
55
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
56
Aschoff bodies
rheumatic fever
57
high levels of D-dimer
DVT, PE, DIC
58
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacili)
59
Charcot-Leyden crystals
bronchial asthma
60
honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis | could be from bleomycin or busulfan
61
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
62
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 def: neurologic sx; folate def: no neurologic sx)
63
HTN, hK, metabolic alkalosis
primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
64
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia
65
Trousseau sign
adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung
66
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry bodies (HSV, VZV)
67
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
68
kerratin pearls on a skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
69
Cowdry bodies
HSV, VZV
70
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
71
lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
72
ferruginous bodies
asbestosis
73
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
74
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)
75
lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)
76
lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x-ray
multiple myeloma
77
mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
fibrocystic change on the breast
78
monoclonal Ab spike
``` multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging) Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia primary amyloidosis ```
79
mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
signet ring (gastric carcinoma, krukenberg)
80
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
string sign (crohn disease)
81
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
``` granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener) Goodpasture synd (anti BM Abs) ```
82
needle-shaped, (-) birefringent crystalls
gout (monosodium urate crystals)
83
signet ring cells
``` gastric carcinoma krukenberg tumor (ovary and stomach) ```
84
string sign
Crohn disease
85
nodular hyaline deposits
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
86
novobiocin response
sensitive: S. epidermidis; resistant: S. saprophyticus
87
nutmeg liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
88
onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
89
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
diabetic nephropathy
90
optochin response
sensitive: S. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci (s mutans, s sanguis)
91
podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
92
polished "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
93
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (AD) and Pick bodies (Pick dz)
94
Psammoma bodies
meningiomas papillary thyroid carcinoma mesothelioma papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary
95
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
96
raised periosteum (creates Codman triangle)
Aggressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)
97
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
98
rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
99
recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
100
renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (from ischemia or toxic injury)
101
rhomboid crystals, (+) birefringent
pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
102
rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)
coarctation of the aorta
103
Reinke crystals
Leydig cell tumor
104
ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
105
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14, c-myc activation, a/w EBV; starry sky made up of malignant cells)
106
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick dz: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
107
"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
108
spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits
membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
109
stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
110
steeple sign on frontal CXR
croup (parainfluenza virus)
111
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)
112
streptococcus bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
113
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis)
114
Rouleaux formation
high ESR, multiple myeloma
115
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposis (AutoDom, APC mutation)
116
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
117
thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray
epiglottitis (haemophilus influenzae)
118
thyroid-like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)
119
clue cells
gardnerella vaginalis
120
birbeck granules
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
121
tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
122
TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver dz (alcoholic or metabolic)
123
increased uric acid levels
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
124
waxy casts w/ very low urine flow
chronic end-stage renal disease
125
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis AIN rejection
126
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
127
wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually w/ SLE)
128
yellowish CSF
zanthochromia (like from subarachnoid hemorrhages)
129
Anitschkow cells
rheumatic fever
130
Aschoff bodies
rheumatic fever
131
ASO titers up
strep pyogenes infection | pharyngitis --> rheumatic fever
132
asymmetric septal hypertrophy
hypertrophic CM
133
ball valve obstruction
myxoma
134
brachial-femoral delay
coarctation of the aorta
135
bread and butter pericarditis
rheumatic fever
136
bulky, friable vegetations
bacterial endocarditis
137
c-ANCA (+)
Wegener's granulomatosis
138
cardiac knock
constrictive pericarditis
139
cardiomegaly
dilated CM | Chagas dz
140
chest pain, radiates to back
aortic dissection
141
claudication
buerger disease
142
clubbing
tetralogy of fallot, eisenmenger syndrome, endocarditis lung CA, TB, CF, chronic hypoxia crohns, UC, hyperthyroid, malabsorption
143
CM: diastolic dysfunction
hypertrophic CM | restrictive CM
144
CM: systolic dysfunction
dilated CM
145
congenital rubella heart defects
VSD ASD PDA
146
crescendo-decrescendo murmur
aortic stenosis pulmonic stenosis ASD
147
CXR: balloon apearance
dilated CM
148
CXR: boot shaped heart
tetralogy of Fallot
149
CXR: mediastinal widening
aortic dissection
150
CXR: notched ribs
coarctation of aorta
151
delayed rumbling murmur
mitral stenosis
152
delta wave, wide QRS, short PR
Wolff-Parkinson-White
153
DiGeorge heart defects
persistent truncus arteriosus | tetralogy of fallot
154
distant heart sounds
cardiac tamponade
155
eccentric hypertrophy
dilated CM
156
ejection click
aortic stenosis
157
electrical alternans
cardiac tamponade
158
erythema marginatum
rheumatic fever
159
false (+) syphilis test
anti-phospholipid syndrome
160
friction rub
pericarditis
161
granulomatous inflammation (vasculitis)
temporal arteritis Takayasu Wegener (both) Churg Strauss (both
162
harsh sounding murmur
VSD
163
head bobbing
aortic regurgitation
164
hemosiderin macrophages in lungs
left heart failure (pulmonary edema)
165
high pitched, blowing murmur
aortic regurg mitral regurg tricuspid regurge
166
holosystolic murmur
mitral regurg tricuspid regurg VSD
167
IgA complex deposition
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
168
Janeway lesions
bacterial endocarditis
169
jaw cramp
temporal arteritis
170
JVD
right heart failure
171
Kussmaul sign
constrictive pericarditis | DKA
172
late decrescendo murmur
tricuspid stenosis
173
long QT + deafness
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
174
long QT + no deafness
Romano-Ward
175
Loud S1, wide fixed split S2
ASD
176
low voltage EKG
restrictive CM | cardiac tamponade
177
migratory polyarthritis
rheumatic fever
178
multiple miscarriages
anti-phospholipid syndrome
179
murmur that gets earlier and softer w/ Valsalva
MVP
180
murmur louder w/ expiration
mitral regurg mitral stenosis mitral prolapse
181
murmur louder w/ hand grip
mitral regurg
182
murmur louder w/ inspiration
tricuspid regurg tricuspid stenosis tricuspid prolapse
183
murmur louder w/ squatting
aortic stenosis
184
murmur radiates to axilla
mitral regurgitation
185
murmur softer w/ squatting
hypertrophic CM
186
myofiber disarray
hypertrophic CM
187
necrotizing inflammation (vasculitis)
polyarteritis nodosa microscopic polyangiitis Wegener granulomatosis Churg-Strauss syndrome
188
new murmur
endocarditis
189
nodular phlebitis
buerger disease
190
nutmeg liver
right sided heart failure
191
opening snap
mitral stenosis
192
orthopnea
left heart failure
193
palpable, pulsatile abdominal mass
abdominal aortic aneurysm
194
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
left heart failure
195
PR depression
pericarditis
196
prenatal heart defect (in utero Li)
ebstein anomaly
197
pseudo RBBB
Brugada syndrome
198
pulseless
takayasu
199
banana shaped L ventricle
hypertrophic CM
200
roth spots
bacterial endocarditis
201
S3
dilated CM pregnancy/thyrotoxicosis (high CO states) heart failure
202
S4
hypertrophic CM | aortic stenosis
203
segmental thrombosing vasculitis
Buerger dz
204
sharp pain, better w/ leaning forward
pericarditis
205
shifting sinusoidal waveforms (ECG)
Torsades de pointes
206
small, sterile vegetations on heart
Libmans Sacks endocarditis
207
squatting imporves cyanosis
tetralogy of Fallot
208
ST depression
NSTEMI stable angina unstable angina
209
ST elevation in V1-V3
Brugada syndrome
210
strawberry tongue
kawasaki | scarlet fever
211
strong pulse UE, weak, delayed in LE
coarctation of aorta
212
strong, bounding pulse
aortic regurg
213
subcutaneous nodules
rheumatic fever
214
sudden death in young athlete
hypertrophic CM
215
Sydenham chorea
rheumatic fever
216
syncope w/ exercise
hypertrophic CM
217
T wave inversion
unstable angina
218
tearing chest pain
aortic dissection
219
tet spells
tetralogy of Fallot
220
transient ST elevation
variant angina
221
tree bark aorta
syphilis (3o)
222
tumor "plop"
myxoma
223
unequal UE BPs
aortic dissection
224
vasculitis (older)
``` temporal arteritis (>50) Henoch-Schonlein purpura (40-60) ```
225
vasculitis (kids)
Kawasaki Churg-Strauss Henoch-Schonlein purpura
226
vasculitis: smokers
Buerger disease
227
vasculitis: young adults
polyarteritis nodosa
228
septal hypertrophy
hypertrophic CM
229
water-hammer pulse
aortic regurg
230
weak upper pulses
Takayasu
231
wide pulse pressure
aortic regurg
232
wide split S2
Ebstein anomaly
233
widespread ST elevation (all leads)
pericarditis
234
bird beak esophagus
achalasia
235
coffee ground emesis
esophageal varices
236
erythyroplakia
squamous cell dysplasia
237
Hamman sign
Boerhaave syndrome
238
Killian triangle
Zenker diverticulum
239
leukoplakia
squamous cell dysplasia
240
linear furrows
allergies
241
linear ulcers
CMV esophagitis
242
neoplasm: lower 1/3 esophagus
adenocarcinoma
243
neoplasm: upper/middle 1/3s esophagus
squamous cell carcinoma
244
pneumomediastinum
Boerhaave syndrome
245
punched out ulcers in esophagus
HSV-1 esophagitis
246
white psuedomembrane
candida esophagitis
247
acanthosis nigracans
gastric carcinoma | DM?
248
air under diaphragm
duodenal ulcer perforation
249
Brunner gland hypertrophy
duodenal PUD
250
gastritis post-burns
culrling ulcer
251
gastritis w/ increased ICP
cushing ulcer
252
hour glass stomach
sliding hiatal hernia
253
Krukenberg tumor
gastric carcinoma
254
Leser-Trelat sign
gastric carcinoma
255
linitis plastica
gastric carcinoma
256
olive-like mass
pyloric stenosis
257
projectile vomiting
pyloric stenosis
258
punched out stomach ulcers
benign gastric PUD
259
rugae look like brain gyri
Mentrier
260
virchow node
gastric carcinoma
261
bilious vomit
duodenal atresia
262
US: bullseye
intussusception
263
cobblestone mucosa
Crohn disease
264
coiled spring
intussusception
265
dermatitis herpetiformis
celiac
266
double bubble sign
duodenal atresia
267
foamy macrophages
Whipple disease
268
napkin ring lesion
SI adenocarcinoma | colorectal carcinoma
269
obturator sign
acute appendicitis
270
Rovsing's sign
acute appendicitis
271
serotonin secreting tumor
carcinoid syndrome
272
psoas sign
acute appendicitis
273
skipping lesions
Crohn disease
274
thumbprinting
mesenteric ischemia
275
tumor marker: CEA
colorectal carcinoma | pancreatic carcinoma
276
GI w/ CNS tumors
Turcot (FAP)
277
coffee-bean sign
Volvulus
278
freckle-like pigment on lips, genitals
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
279
impacted teeth
gardner (FAP)
280
ladd bands
malrotation
281
microperforations
diverticulitis
282
omega sign
sigmoid volvulus
283
osteoma
Gardner (FAP)
284
painless hematochezia
diverticular bleed
285
saw tooth lesions
serrated colonic polyps
286
volcano lesion
pseudomembranous colitis
287
calcifications of pancreas
chronic pancreatitis
288
chain of lakes pattern
chronic pancreatitis
289
Courvoisier sign (+)
pancreatic carcinoma
290
(+) cullen sign
acute pancreatitis
291
fat saponification
acute pancreatitis
292
gastrin secretign tumor
zollinger-ellison disease
293
(+) Trousseau sign
pancreatic carcinoma
294
air in biliary tree
gallstone ileus
295
cauliflower mass
gallbladder carcinoma
296
(+) murphy's sign
acute cholecystitis
297
pneumobilia
cholelithiasis
298
porcelain gallbladder
chronic cholecystitis
299
Rotikansky-Aschoff sinuses
chronic cholecystitis
300
ASA and kids w/ viral infection
Reye syndrome
301
asterixis
cirrhosis | hepatic encephalopathy
302
ballooning
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
303
beads on a string sign
primary sclerosing cholangitis
304
bronze skin
hemochromatosis
305
budd-chiari syndrome
hepatocellular syndrome
306
central gray-white stellate scar
focal nodular hyperplasia
307
ferritin increased
hemochomatosis
308
glossy black liver
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
309
ground glass hepatocytes
Heb B
310
dark pigmented liver
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
311
greasy liver
hepatic steatosis
312
hobnail appearance
alcoholic cirrhosis
313
Kayser-Fleisher rings
Wilsons disease | primary biliary cirrhosis
314
mallory bodies
alcohol hepatitis
315
nutmeg liver
budd chiari hepatocellular carcinoma right sided heart failure
316
onion skin - liver?
primary sclerosing cholangitis
317
OPCS
hepatocellular adenoma
318
palmar erythema
cirrhosis
319
prussian blue stain
hemochromatosis
320
xanthelasma
primary biliary cirrhosis
321
xanthomas
obstructive jaundice | primary biliary cirrhosis?
322
abnormal risocetin test
von willebrand disease
323
auer rods
AML
324
basophilic stippling
lead poisoning
325
bence-jones cells
multiple myeloma
326
birbeck granules
langerhans histiocytosis
327
burr cells
pyruvate kinase deficiency
328
cerebriform nuclei
mycosis fungoides | sezary syndrome
329
chipmunk facies
beta thalassemia | sickle cell
330
conjunctival pallor
iron deficiency anemia
331
coombs test (+)
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
332
echinocytes
pyruvate kinase deficiency
333
erythromyalgias
polycythemia vera | essential thrombocytopenia
334
glossitis
B12 or folate deficiency
335
haptoglobin down
intravascular hemolytic anemia | sickle cell
336
HbC crystals
HbC disease
337
Heinz bodies
HbH disease | G6PD disease
338
Hypertrichosis
polyphyria cutanea tarda
339
koilonychia
iron deficiency anemia
340
lacunar cells
Hodgkin (nodular sclerosing)
341
LAP (-) PMNs
CML
342
lytic bone lesions
``` ATLL langerhans histiocytosis multiple myeloma MGUS Waldenstroms ```
343
megakaryocytes
immune thrombocytopenic purpura
344
metabisulfite screen
sickle cell (+trait)
345
MPO (+)
AML
346
PAS (+)
ALL Whipple disease alpha-1-antitrypsin def primary biliary cirrhosis
347
Patritier microabscesses
mycoses fungoides | sezary syndrome
348
pica
iron def anemia
349
plethora
polycythemia vera
350
port wine urine
acute intermittent porphyria
351
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkins lymphoma
352
ringed sideroblasts
sideroblastic anemia
353
rouleaux formation
multiple myeloma
354
skin blistering
porphyria cutanea tarda
355
smudge cells
CLL
356
spoon nails
iron def anemia
357
starry sky
burkitt lymphoma
358
TdT (+)
ALL
359
target cells
thalassemia HbC and HbS asplenia liver dz
360
tea colored urine
porphyria cutanea tarda
361
tear drop shaped RBCs
mylofibrosis
362
TRAP (+)
hairy cell leukemia
363
triphalangeal thumbs
diamond-blackfan anemia
364
anemia a/w veganism
B12 def
365
waxing and waning lymphadenopathy
follicular lymphoma
366
anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure
HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
367
lymphoma + jaw lesion
burkitt lymphoma
368
lymphoma a/w celiacs
intestinal T cell lymphoma
369
lymphoma a/w IVDA
adult T-cell lymphoma
370
lymphoma a/w EBV
burkitt | Hodgkins
371
lymphoma a/w HIV/AIDS
primary CNS lymphoma
372
dry tap on bone marrow aspiration
hairy cell leukemia | aplastic anemia
373
puriritis after baths
polycythemia vera
374
erythrocytosis w/ decreased EPO
polycythemia vera
375
increased methylmalonic acid
B 12 def anemia
376
osmotic fragility test (+)
hereditary spherocytosis
377
Howell-Jolly bodies
sickle cell anemia
378
hemosiderinuria
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
379
hypocellular marrow w/ fatty infiltrate
aplastic anemia
380
reddish-pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
auer rods (AML)
381
MC lymphoma (adults + kids)
adults: diffuse B cell kids: lymphatic lymphoma
382
lymphoma a/w Sjogrens, Hashimotos and H. pylori
marginal cell maltoma
383
chest pain + rubbing heart sounds + Cr of 5
uremic pericarditis
384
vasculitis a/w hepatitis
polyarteritis nodosa
385
perforation of nasal septum
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener's)
386
unilateral HA, jaw claudication
giant cell arteritis (temporal)
387
benign, raised red lesion in older pts
cherry hemangioma
388
raised, red area present at birth -- gets bigger initially then regresses over mo/yrs
strawberry hemangioma
389
polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma
pyogenic granuloma
390
benign, painful red-blue tumor under fingernails
glomus tumor
391
cavernous lymphangioma a/w turners
cystic hygroma
392
increased leucine and isoleucine in FTT baby
maple syrup urine disease
393
facial angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum)
tuberous sclerosis
394
a/w berry aneurysms
ADPKD | Ehlers-Danlos
395
a/w hypophosphatemic rickets
RTA 2
396
a/w Potter syndrome
bilateral renal agenesis | ARPKD
397
acidosis: can't reabsorb HCO3
RTA 2
398
acidosis: can't secrete H+
RTA 1
399
acidosis: Fanconi synd
RTA 2
400
acidosis: hK
RTA 1 | RTA 2
401
acidosis: HK
RTA 4
402
acidosis: hyperaldosteronism
RTA 4
403
acidosis: sjogrens
RTA 2
404
acidosis: urine pH > 5.5
RTA 1
405
acidosis: urine pH
RTA 2 | RTA 4
406
analgesic nephropathy
RTA 1 transitional cell carcinoma renal papillary necrosis
407
anti-GBM Abs
goodpastures
408
apple green birefringence
amyloidosis
409
basket weave appearance on EM
alport syndrome
410
Beckwith-Wiedeman
Wilms (nephroblastoma)
411
BM spikes
membranous nephropathy
412
C3/4 down w/ kidney problems
post strep GN | diffuse proliferative GN
413
c-ANCA
Wegeners granulomatosis
414
cloudy urine
cystitis
415
cola colored urine
post strep GN
416
crescents in gllomeruli
rapidly progressive GN
417
cystitis w/o bacterial infection
interstitial cystitis
418
kidney cysts (infants)
auto recessive
419
kidney cysts (pt > 40)
auto dominant
420
eosinophilia w/ nephritic syndrome
churg strauss tubulointerstitial nephritis acute interstitial nephritis
421
fatty casts
nephrotic syndrome
422
foamy macs
xanthogranuomatous pyelonephritis
423
granular casts
chronic renal dz | ATN
424
henoch purpura
IgA nephropathy (Berger)
425
hyaline casts
dehydration
426
hypercalcemia (paraneo)
renal cell carcinoma
427
hypercellular glomeruli
membranoproliferative GN | diffuse proliferative GN
428
IgA deposits in mesangium
IgA nephropathy
429
IgG and IgM in mesangium
post strep GN
430
kidney w/ sepsis, ob, ARDS
diffuse cortical necrosis
431
kidneys + hearing loss
alport syndrome
432
Michaelia-Gutmann bodies
malakoplakia
433
muddy brown casts
ATN
434
nephrosis in HIV
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
435
onion skinning glomerulus
malignant nephrosclerosis
436
painless hematuria
transitional cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma oncocytoma
437
RBC casts
ischemia/infarction | malignant HTN
438
sclerosis of mesangium
diabetic nephropathy
439
small shrunken kidneys
medullary cystic disease
440
sponge-like cysts on kidneys
autorec PKD
441
stones: coffin-lid shaped crystal
struvite (ammonium Mg phosphate)
442
stones: hexagonal crystals
cysteine stones
443
stones: kids
cysteine stones
444
stones: loop diuretics
calcium stones
445
stones: radioluscent
uric acid stones | cysteine stones
446
stones: radiopaque
Ca oxylate/phosphate | struvite (ammonium Mg phosphate)
447
stones: rhomboid/rosette crystals
uric acid stones
448
stones: staghorn caliculi
struvite (ammonium mg phosphate)
449
subendothelial humps
diffuse proliferative GN
450
subepithelial humps
post strep GN
451
Tamm-Horsfall protein
ATN
452
thick BM
membranous nephropathy | diabetic nephropathy
453
thinning/splitting of BM of glomerulus
alport syndrome
454
breast mass: fleshy
medullary ductal carcinoma
455
breast mass: mobile, marble like
fibroadenoma
456
breast mass: rock hard, duct like
invasive ductal carcinomas
457
chocolate cysts
endometriosis/oma
458
coffee bean nuclei
brenner tumor
459
p-ANCA
microscopic polyangiitis eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) ulcerative colitis
460
loss of red reflex
retinoblastoma
461
white reflex (eyes)
retinoblastoma
462
cherry red spot on retina
central artery occlusions tay-sachs niemann pick
463
lactic acidosis + ragged red fibers
mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
464
facial paralysis spares the forehead -- where's the lesion?
UMN VII --> contralateral
465
facial paralysis (including forehead) -- wheres the lesion?
LMN VII --> ipsilateral
466
GFAP (+)
astrocytoma, glioblastoma
467
desmin (+)
muscle tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma)

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