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Boards > Classic Findings > Flashcards

Classic Findings Flashcards

1
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error
anencephaly
spina bifida (NTDs)

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2
Q

anticentromere Abs

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) Abs

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti-glomerular BM Abs

A

Goodpasture synd (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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5
Q

antihistone Abs

A

drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide, sulfasalazine)

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6
Q

Anti-IgG Abs

A

RA (systemic inflam, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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7
Q

antimitochondrial Abs (AMAs)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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8
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCAs)

A

microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener): PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA

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9
Q

antinuclear Abs (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III h/s)

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10
Q

antiplatelet Abs

A

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase Abs

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Abs

A

celiac dz

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13
Q

apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually L sided)

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14
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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15
Q

azurophilic peroxidase +

granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, esp M3 type)

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16
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A)
resistant: S. agalactiae (B)

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17
Q

bamboo spine on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflam arthritis, HLA-B27)

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning

sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

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20
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

boot shaped heart on xray

A

tetralogy of fallot (from RVH)

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22
Q

branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israeli

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23
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor

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24
Q

brown tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosiderin)

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25
Q

cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy

A

Chagas dz (trypanosoma cruzi)

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26
Q

cellular crescents in bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

chocolate cyst on ovary

A

endometriosis (often bilat)

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28
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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29
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (AutoRec mutation in CTFR)

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30
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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31
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebral tracts affected)

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32
Q

delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White synd (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

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33
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson dz (basal gang d/o: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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34
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

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35
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

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36
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical CA)

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37
Q

electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

pericardial tamponade

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38
Q

enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

owl eye appearance of CMV

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39
Q

enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei w/ central clearing

A

orphan annie eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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40
Q

orphan annie eyes nuclei

A

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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41
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)

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42
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy body (Parkinsons/Lewy body dementia)

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43
Q

Mallory bodies

A

alcoholic liver dz

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44
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body (viral hep, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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45
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

negri bodies (rabies)

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46
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter

A

senile plaques (AD)

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47
Q

giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions (owls eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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48
Q

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumors)

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49
Q

hair on end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell dz (marrow expansion)

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50
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydratidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo)

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51
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

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52
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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53
Q

Schiller-Duvall bodies

A

yolk sac tumors

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54
Q

heterophile Abs

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

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55
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

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56
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

rheumatic fever

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57
Q

high levels of D-dimer

A

DVT, PE, DIC

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58
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacili)

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59
Q

Charcot-Leyden crystals

A

bronchial asthma

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60
Q

honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

could be from bleomycin or busulfan

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61
Q

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

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62
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 def: neurologic sx; folate def: no neurologic sx)

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63
Q

HTN, hK, metabolic alkalosis

A

primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

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64
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

iron def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia

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65
Q

Trousseau sign

A

adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung

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66
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry bodies (HSV, VZV)

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67
Q

iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

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68
Q

kerratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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69
Q

Cowdry bodies

A

HSV, VZV

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70
Q

large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

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71
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

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72
Q

ferruginous bodies

A

asbestosis

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73
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

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74
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)

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75
Q

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)

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76
Q

lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x-ray

A

multiple myeloma

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77
Q

mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst

A

fibrocystic change on the breast

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78
Q

monoclonal Ab spike

A 
multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia 
primary amyloidosis
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79
Q

mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus

A

signet ring (gastric carcinoma, krukenberg)

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80
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

string sign (crohn disease)

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81
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A 
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener)
Goodpasture synd (anti BM Abs)
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82
Q

needle-shaped, (-) birefringent crystalls

A

gout (monosodium urate crystals)

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83
Q

signet ring cells

A 
gastric carcinoma
krukenberg tumor (ovary and stomach)
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84
Q

string sign

A

Crohn disease

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85
Q

nodular hyaline deposits

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

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86
Q

novobiocin response

A

sensitive: S. epidermidis; resistant: S. saprophyticus

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87
Q

nutmeg liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

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88
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

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89
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

A

diabetic nephropathy

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90
Q

optochin response

A

sensitive: S. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci (s mutans, s sanguis)

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91
Q

podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

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92
Q

polished “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

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93
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles (AD) and Pick bodies (Pick dz)

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94
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas
papillary thyroid carcinoma
mesothelioma
papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary

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95
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

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96
Q

raised periosteum (creates Codman triangle)

A

Aggressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

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97
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

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98
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

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99
Q

recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

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100
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

intrinsic renal failure (from ischemia or toxic injury)

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101
Q

rhomboid crystals, (+) birefringent

A

pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

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102
Q

rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)

A

coarctation of the aorta

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103
Q

Reinke crystals

A

Leydig cell tumor

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104
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

A

toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

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105
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14, c-myc activation, a/w EBV; starry sky made up of malignant cells)

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106
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick dz: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

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107
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

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108
Q

spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits

A

membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

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109
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

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110
Q

steeple sign on frontal CXR

A

croup (parainfluenza virus)

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111
Q

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

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112
Q

streptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

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113
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis)

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114
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

high ESR, multiple myeloma

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115
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

familial adenomatous polyposis (AutoDom, APC mutation)

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116
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

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117
Q

thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

epiglottitis (haemophilus influenzae)

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118
Q

thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

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119
Q

clue cells

A

gardnerella vaginalis

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120
Q

birbeck granules

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

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121
Q

tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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122
Q

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver dz (alcoholic or metabolic)

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123
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

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124
Q

waxy casts w/ very low urine flow

A

chronic end-stage renal disease

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125
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis
AIN
rejection

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126
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

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127
Q

wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually w/ SLE)

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128
Q

yellowish CSF

A

zanthochromia (like from subarachnoid hemorrhages)

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129
Q

Anitschkow cells

A

rheumatic fever

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130
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

rheumatic fever

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131
Q

ASO titers up

A

strep pyogenes infection

pharyngitis –> rheumatic fever

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132
Q

asymmetric septal hypertrophy

A

hypertrophic CM

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133
Q

ball valve obstruction

A

myxoma

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134
Q

brachial-femoral delay

A

coarctation of the aorta

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135
Q

bread and butter pericarditis

A

rheumatic fever

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136
Q

bulky, friable vegetations

A

bacterial endocarditis

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137
Q

c-ANCA (+)

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

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138
Q

cardiac knock

A

constrictive pericarditis

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139
Q

cardiomegaly

A

dilated CM

Chagas dz

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140
Q

chest pain, radiates to back

A

aortic dissection

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141
Q

claudication

A

buerger disease

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142
Q

clubbing

A

tetralogy of fallot, eisenmenger syndrome, endocarditis
lung CA, TB, CF, chronic hypoxia
crohns, UC, hyperthyroid, malabsorption

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143
Q

CM: diastolic dysfunction

A

hypertrophic CM

restrictive CM

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144
Q

CM: systolic dysfunction

A

dilated CM

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145
Q

congenital rubella heart defects

A

VSD
ASD
PDA

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146
Q

crescendo-decrescendo murmur

A

aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
ASD

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147
Q

CXR: balloon apearance

A

dilated CM

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148
Q

CXR: boot shaped heart

A

tetralogy of Fallot

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149
Q

CXR: mediastinal widening

A

aortic dissection

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150
Q

CXR: notched ribs

A

coarctation of aorta

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151
Q

delayed rumbling murmur

A

mitral stenosis

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152
Q

delta wave, wide QRS, short PR

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White

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153
Q

DiGeorge heart defects

A

persistent truncus arteriosus

tetralogy of fallot

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154
Q

distant heart sounds

A

cardiac tamponade

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155
Q

eccentric hypertrophy

A

dilated CM

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156
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

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157
Q

electrical alternans

A

cardiac tamponade

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158
Q

erythema marginatum

A

rheumatic fever

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159
Q

false (+) syphilis test

A

anti-phospholipid syndrome

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160
Q

friction rub

A

pericarditis

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161
Q

granulomatous inflammation (vasculitis)

A

temporal arteritis
Takayasu
Wegener (both)
Churg Strauss (both

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162
Q

harsh sounding murmur

A

VSD

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163
Q

head bobbing

A

aortic regurgitation

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164
Q

hemosiderin macrophages in lungs

A

left heart failure (pulmonary edema)

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165
Q

high pitched, blowing murmur

A

aortic regurg
mitral regurg
tricuspid regurge

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166
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

mitral regurg
tricuspid regurg
VSD

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167
Q

IgA complex deposition

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

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168
Q

Janeway lesions

A

bacterial endocarditis

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169
Q

jaw cramp

A

temporal arteritis

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170
Q

JVD

A

right heart failure

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171
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

constrictive pericarditis

DKA

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172
Q

late decrescendo murmur

A

tricuspid stenosis

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173
Q

long QT + deafness

A

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen

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174
Q

long QT + no deafness

A

Romano-Ward

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175
Q

Loud S1, wide fixed split S2

A

ASD

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176
Q

low voltage EKG

A

restrictive CM

cardiac tamponade

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177
Q

migratory polyarthritis

A

rheumatic fever

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178
Q

multiple miscarriages

A

anti-phospholipid syndrome

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179
Q

murmur that gets earlier and softer w/ Valsalva

A

MVP

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180
Q

murmur louder w/ expiration

A

mitral regurg
mitral stenosis
mitral prolapse

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181
Q

murmur louder w/ hand grip

A

mitral regurg

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182
Q

murmur louder w/ inspiration

A

tricuspid regurg
tricuspid stenosis
tricuspid prolapse

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183
Q

murmur louder w/ squatting

A

aortic stenosis

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184
Q

murmur radiates to axilla

A

mitral regurgitation

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185
Q

murmur softer w/ squatting

A

hypertrophic CM

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186
Q

myofiber disarray

A

hypertrophic CM

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187
Q

necrotizing inflammation (vasculitis)

A

polyarteritis nodosa
microscopic polyangiitis
Wegener granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss syndrome

188
Q

new murmur

A

endocarditis

189
Q

nodular phlebitis

A

buerger disease

190
Q

nutmeg liver

A

right sided heart failure

191
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

192
Q

orthopnea

A

left heart failure

193
Q

palpable, pulsatile abdominal mass

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

194
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

left heart failure

195
Q

PR depression

A

pericarditis

196
Q

prenatal heart defect (in utero Li)

A

ebstein anomaly

197
Q

pseudo RBBB

A

Brugada syndrome

198
Q

pulseless

A

takayasu

199
Q

banana shaped L ventricle

A

hypertrophic CM

200
Q

roth spots

A

bacterial endocarditis

201
Q

S3

A

dilated CM
pregnancy/thyrotoxicosis (high CO states)
heart failure

202
Q

S4

A

hypertrophic CM

aortic stenosis

203
Q

segmental thrombosing vasculitis

A

Buerger dz

204
Q

sharp pain, better w/ leaning forward

A

pericarditis

205
Q

shifting sinusoidal waveforms (ECG)

A

Torsades de pointes

206
Q

small, sterile vegetations on heart

A

Libmans Sacks endocarditis

207
Q

squatting imporves cyanosis

A

tetralogy of Fallot

208
Q

ST depression

A

NSTEMI
stable angina
unstable angina

209
Q

ST elevation in V1-V3

A

Brugada syndrome

210
Q

strawberry tongue

A

kawasaki

scarlet fever

211
Q

strong pulse UE, weak, delayed in LE

A

coarctation of aorta

212
Q

strong, bounding pulse

A

aortic regurg

213
Q

subcutaneous nodules

A

rheumatic fever

214
Q

sudden death in young athlete

A

hypertrophic CM

215
Q

Sydenham chorea

A

rheumatic fever

216
Q

syncope w/ exercise

A

hypertrophic CM

217
Q

T wave inversion

A

unstable angina

218
Q

tearing chest pain

A

aortic dissection

219
Q

tet spells

A

tetralogy of Fallot

220
Q

transient ST elevation

A

variant angina

221
Q

tree bark aorta

A

syphilis (3o)

222
Q

tumor “plop”

A

myxoma

223
Q

unequal UE BPs

A

aortic dissection

224
Q

vasculitis (older)

A 
temporal arteritis (>50)
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (40-60)
225
Q

vasculitis (kids)

A

Kawasaki
Churg-Strauss
Henoch-Schonlein purpura

226
Q

vasculitis: smokers

A

Buerger disease

227
Q

vasculitis: young adults

A

polyarteritis nodosa

228
Q

septal hypertrophy

A

hypertrophic CM

229
Q

water-hammer pulse

A

aortic regurg

230
Q

weak upper pulses

A

Takayasu

231
Q

wide pulse pressure

A

aortic regurg

232
Q

wide split S2

A

Ebstein anomaly

233
Q

widespread ST elevation (all leads)

A

pericarditis

234
Q

bird beak esophagus

A

achalasia

235
Q

coffee ground emesis

A

esophageal varices

236
Q

erythyroplakia

A

squamous cell dysplasia

237
Q

Hamman sign

A

Boerhaave syndrome

238
Q

Killian triangle

A

Zenker diverticulum

239
Q

leukoplakia

A

squamous cell dysplasia

240
Q

linear furrows

A

allergies

241
Q

linear ulcers

A

CMV esophagitis

242
Q

neoplasm: lower 1/3 esophagus

A

adenocarcinoma

243
Q

neoplasm: upper/middle 1/3s esophagus

A

squamous cell carcinoma

244
Q

pneumomediastinum

A

Boerhaave syndrome

245
Q

punched out ulcers in esophagus

A

HSV-1 esophagitis

246
Q

white psuedomembrane

A

candida esophagitis

247
Q

acanthosis nigracans

A

gastric carcinoma

DM?

248
Q

air under diaphragm

A

duodenal ulcer perforation

249
Q

Brunner gland hypertrophy

A

duodenal PUD

250
Q

gastritis post-burns

A

culrling ulcer

251
Q

gastritis w/ increased ICP

A

cushing ulcer

252
Q

hour glass stomach

A

sliding hiatal hernia

253
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

gastric carcinoma

254
Q

Leser-Trelat sign

A

gastric carcinoma

255
Q

linitis plastica

A

gastric carcinoma

256
Q

olive-like mass

A

pyloric stenosis

257
Q

projectile vomiting

A

pyloric stenosis

258
Q

punched out stomach ulcers

A

benign gastric PUD

259
Q

rugae look like brain gyri

A

Mentrier

260
Q

virchow node

A

gastric carcinoma

261
Q

bilious vomit

A

duodenal atresia

262
Q

US: bullseye

A

intussusception

263
Q

cobblestone mucosa

A

Crohn disease

264
Q

coiled spring

A

intussusception

265
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis

A

celiac

266
Q

double bubble sign

A

duodenal atresia

267
Q

foamy macrophages

A

Whipple disease

268
Q

napkin ring lesion

A

SI adenocarcinoma

colorectal carcinoma

269
Q

obturator sign

A

acute appendicitis

270
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

acute appendicitis

271
Q

serotonin secreting tumor

A

carcinoid syndrome

272
Q

psoas sign

A

acute appendicitis

273
Q

skipping lesions

A

Crohn disease

274
Q

thumbprinting

A

mesenteric ischemia

275
Q

tumor marker: CEA

A

colorectal carcinoma

pancreatic carcinoma

276
Q

GI w/ CNS tumors

A

Turcot (FAP)

277
Q

coffee-bean sign

A

Volvulus

278
Q

freckle-like pigment on lips, genitals

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

279
Q

impacted teeth

A

gardner (FAP)

280
Q

ladd bands

A

malrotation

281
Q

microperforations

A

diverticulitis

282
Q

omega sign

A

sigmoid volvulus

283
Q

osteoma

A

Gardner (FAP)

284
Q

painless hematochezia

A

diverticular bleed

285
Q

saw tooth lesions

A

serrated colonic polyps

286
Q

volcano lesion

A

pseudomembranous colitis

287
Q

calcifications of pancreas

A

chronic pancreatitis

288
Q

chain of lakes pattern

A

chronic pancreatitis

289
Q

Courvoisier sign (+)

A

pancreatic carcinoma

290
Q

(+) cullen sign

A

acute pancreatitis

291
Q

fat saponification

A

acute pancreatitis

292
Q

gastrin secretign tumor

A

zollinger-ellison disease

293
Q

(+) Trousseau sign

A

pancreatic carcinoma

294
Q

air in biliary tree

A

gallstone ileus

295
Q

cauliflower mass

A

gallbladder carcinoma

296
Q

(+) murphy’s sign

A

acute cholecystitis

297
Q

pneumobilia

A

cholelithiasis

298
Q

porcelain gallbladder

A

chronic cholecystitis

299
Q

Rotikansky-Aschoff sinuses

A

chronic cholecystitis

300
Q

ASA and kids w/ viral infection

A

Reye syndrome

301
Q

asterixis

A

cirrhosis

hepatic encephalopathy

302
Q

ballooning

A

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

303
Q

beads on a string sign

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

304
Q

bronze skin

A

hemochromatosis

305
Q

budd-chiari syndrome

A

hepatocellular syndrome

306
Q

central gray-white stellate scar

A

focal nodular hyperplasia

307
Q

ferritin increased

A

hemochomatosis

308
Q

glossy black liver

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

309
Q

ground glass hepatocytes

A

Heb B

310
Q

dark pigmented liver

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

311
Q

greasy liver

A

hepatic steatosis

312
Q

hobnail appearance

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

313
Q

Kayser-Fleisher rings

A

Wilsons disease

primary biliary cirrhosis

314
Q

mallory bodies

A

alcohol hepatitis

315
Q

nutmeg liver

A

budd chiari
hepatocellular carcinoma
right sided heart failure

316
Q

onion skin - liver?

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

317
Q

OPCS

A

hepatocellular adenoma

318
Q

palmar erythema

A

cirrhosis

319
Q

prussian blue stain

A

hemochromatosis

320
Q

xanthelasma

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

321
Q

xanthomas

A

obstructive jaundice

primary biliary cirrhosis?

322
Q

abnormal risocetin test

A

von willebrand disease

323
Q

auer rods

A

AML

324
Q

basophilic stippling

A

lead poisoning

325
Q

bence-jones cells

A

multiple myeloma

326
Q

birbeck granules

A

langerhans histiocytosis

327
Q

burr cells

A

pyruvate kinase deficiency

328
Q

cerebriform nuclei

A

mycosis fungoides

sezary syndrome

329
Q

chipmunk facies

A

beta thalassemia

sickle cell

330
Q

conjunctival pallor

A

iron deficiency anemia

331
Q

coombs test (+)

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

332
Q

echinocytes

A

pyruvate kinase deficiency

333
Q

erythromyalgias

A

polycythemia vera

essential thrombocytopenia

334
Q

glossitis

A

B12 or folate deficiency

335
Q

haptoglobin down

A

intravascular hemolytic anemia

sickle cell

336
Q

HbC crystals

A

HbC disease

337
Q

Heinz bodies

A

HbH disease

G6PD disease

338
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

polyphyria cutanea tarda

339
Q

koilonychia

A

iron deficiency anemia

340
Q

lacunar cells

A

Hodgkin (nodular sclerosing)

341
Q

LAP (-) PMNs

A

CML

342
Q

lytic bone lesions

A 
ATLL
langerhans histiocytosis
multiple myeloma
MGUS
Waldenstroms
343
Q

megakaryocytes

A

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

344
Q

metabisulfite screen

A

sickle cell (+trait)

345
Q

MPO (+)

A

AML

346
Q

PAS (+)

A

ALL
Whipple disease
alpha-1-antitrypsin def
primary biliary cirrhosis

347
Q

Patritier microabscesses

A

mycoses fungoides

sezary syndrome

348
Q

pica

A

iron def anemia

349
Q

plethora

A

polycythemia vera

350
Q

port wine urine

A

acute intermittent porphyria

351
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkins lymphoma

352
Q

ringed sideroblasts

A

sideroblastic anemia

353
Q

rouleaux formation

A

multiple myeloma

354
Q

skin blistering

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

355
Q

smudge cells

A

CLL

356
Q

spoon nails

A

iron def anemia

357
Q

starry sky

A

burkitt lymphoma

358
Q

TdT (+)

A

ALL

359
Q

target cells

A

thalassemia
HbC and HbS
asplenia
liver dz

360
Q

tea colored urine

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

361
Q

tear drop shaped RBCs

A

mylofibrosis

362
Q

TRAP (+)

A

hairy cell leukemia

363
Q

triphalangeal thumbs

A

diamond-blackfan anemia

364
Q

anemia a/w veganism

A

B12 def

365
Q

waxing and waning lymphadenopathy

A

follicular lymphoma

366
Q

anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure

A

HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)

367
Q

lymphoma + jaw lesion

A

burkitt lymphoma

368
Q

lymphoma a/w celiacs

A

intestinal T cell lymphoma

369
Q

lymphoma a/w IVDA

A

adult T-cell lymphoma

370
Q

lymphoma a/w EBV

A

burkitt

Hodgkins

371
Q

lymphoma a/w HIV/AIDS

A

primary CNS lymphoma

372
Q

dry tap on bone marrow aspiration

A

hairy cell leukemia

aplastic anemia

373
Q

puriritis after baths

A

polycythemia vera

374
Q

erythrocytosis w/ decreased EPO

A

polycythemia vera

375
Q

increased methylmalonic acid

A

B 12 def anemia

376
Q

osmotic fragility test (+)

A

hereditary spherocytosis

377
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

sickle cell anemia

378
Q

hemosiderinuria

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

379
Q

hypocellular marrow w/ fatty infiltrate

A

aplastic anemia

380
Q

reddish-pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts

A

auer rods (AML)

381
Q

MC lymphoma (adults + kids)

A

adults: diffuse B cell
kids: lymphatic lymphoma

382
Q

lymphoma a/w Sjogrens, Hashimotos and H. pylori

A

marginal cell maltoma

383
Q

chest pain + rubbing heart sounds + Cr of 5

A

uremic pericarditis

384
Q

vasculitis a/w hepatitis

A

polyarteritis nodosa

385
Q

perforation of nasal septum

A

granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

386
Q

unilateral HA, jaw claudication

A

giant cell arteritis (temporal)

387
Q

benign, raised red lesion in older pts

A

cherry hemangioma

388
Q

raised, red area present at birth – gets bigger initially then regresses over mo/yrs

A

strawberry hemangioma

389
Q

polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma

A

pyogenic granuloma

390
Q

benign, painful red-blue tumor under fingernails

A

glomus tumor

391
Q

cavernous lymphangioma a/w turners

A

cystic hygroma

392
Q

increased leucine and isoleucine in FTT baby

A

maple syrup urine disease

393
Q

facial angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum)

A

tuberous sclerosis

394
Q

a/w berry aneurysms

A

ADPKD

Ehlers-Danlos

395
Q

a/w hypophosphatemic rickets

A

RTA 2

396
Q

a/w Potter syndrome

A

bilateral renal agenesis

ARPKD

397
Q

acidosis: can’t reabsorb HCO3

A

RTA 2

398
Q

acidosis: can’t secrete H+

A

RTA 1

399
Q

acidosis: Fanconi synd

A

RTA 2

400
Q

acidosis: hK

A

RTA 1

RTA 2

401
Q

acidosis: HK

A

RTA 4

402
Q

acidosis: hyperaldosteronism

A

RTA 4

403
Q

acidosis: sjogrens

A

RTA 2

404
Q

acidosis: urine pH > 5.5

A

RTA 1

405
Q

acidosis: urine pH

A

RTA 2

RTA 4

406
Q

analgesic nephropathy

A

RTA 1
transitional cell carcinoma
renal papillary necrosis

407
Q

anti-GBM Abs

A

goodpastures

408
Q

apple green birefringence

A

amyloidosis

409
Q

basket weave appearance on EM

A

alport syndrome

410
Q

Beckwith-Wiedeman

A

Wilms (nephroblastoma)

411
Q

BM spikes

A

membranous nephropathy

412
Q

C3/4 down w/ kidney problems

A

post strep GN

diffuse proliferative GN

413
Q

c-ANCA

A

Wegeners granulomatosis

414
Q

cloudy urine

A

cystitis

415
Q

cola colored urine

A

post strep GN

416
Q

crescents in gllomeruli

A

rapidly progressive GN

417
Q

cystitis w/o bacterial infection

A

interstitial cystitis

418
Q

kidney cysts (infants)

A

auto recessive

419
Q

kidney cysts (pt > 40)

A

auto dominant

420
Q

eosinophilia w/ nephritic syndrome

A

churg strauss
tubulointerstitial nephritis
acute interstitial nephritis

421
Q

fatty casts

A

nephrotic syndrome

422
Q

foamy macs

A

xanthogranuomatous pyelonephritis

423
Q

granular casts

A

chronic renal dz

ATN

424
Q

henoch purpura

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger)

425
Q

hyaline casts

A

dehydration

426
Q

hypercalcemia (paraneo)

A

renal cell carcinoma

427
Q

hypercellular glomeruli

A

membranoproliferative GN

diffuse proliferative GN

428
Q

IgA deposits in mesangium

A

IgA nephropathy

429
Q

IgG and IgM in mesangium

A

post strep GN

430
Q

kidney w/ sepsis, ob, ARDS

A

diffuse cortical necrosis

431
Q

kidneys + hearing loss

A

alport syndrome

432
Q

Michaelia-Gutmann bodies

A

malakoplakia

433
Q

muddy brown casts

A

ATN

434
Q

nephrosis in HIV

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

435
Q

onion skinning glomerulus

A

malignant nephrosclerosis

436
Q

painless hematuria

A

transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
oncocytoma

437
Q

RBC casts

A

ischemia/infarction

malignant HTN

438
Q

sclerosis of mesangium

A

diabetic nephropathy

439
Q

small shrunken kidneys

A

medullary cystic disease

440
Q

sponge-like cysts on kidneys

A

autorec PKD

441
Q

stones: coffin-lid shaped crystal

A

struvite (ammonium Mg phosphate)

442
Q

stones: hexagonal crystals

A

cysteine stones

443
Q

stones: kids

A

cysteine stones

444
Q

stones: loop diuretics

A

calcium stones

445
Q

stones: radioluscent

A

uric acid stones

cysteine stones

446
Q

stones: radiopaque

A

Ca oxylate/phosphate

struvite (ammonium Mg phosphate)

447
Q

stones: rhomboid/rosette crystals

A

uric acid stones

448
Q

stones: staghorn caliculi

A

struvite (ammonium mg phosphate)

449
Q

subendothelial humps

A

diffuse proliferative GN

450
Q

subepithelial humps

A

post strep GN

451
Q

Tamm-Horsfall protein

A

ATN

452
Q

thick BM

A

membranous nephropathy

diabetic nephropathy

453
Q

thinning/splitting of BM of glomerulus

A

alport syndrome

454
Q

breast mass: fleshy

A

medullary ductal carcinoma

455
Q

breast mass: mobile, marble like

A

fibroadenoma

456
Q

breast mass: rock hard, duct like

A

invasive ductal carcinomas

457
Q

chocolate cysts

A

endometriosis/oma

458
Q

coffee bean nuclei

A

brenner tumor

459
Q

p-ANCA

A

microscopic polyangiitis
eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
ulcerative colitis

460
Q

loss of red reflex

A

retinoblastoma

461
Q

white reflex (eyes)

A

retinoblastoma

462
Q

cherry red spot on retina

A

central artery occlusions
tay-sachs
niemann pick

463
Q

lactic acidosis + ragged red fibers

A

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy

464
Q

facial paralysis spares the forehead – where’s the lesion?

A

UMN VII –> contralateral

465
Q

facial paralysis (including forehead) – wheres the lesion?

A

LMN VII –> ipsilateral

466
Q

GFAP (+)

A

astrocytoma, glioblastoma

467
Q

desmin (+)

A

muscle tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma)

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