Classic Findings Flashcards
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error
anencephaly
spina bifida (NTDs)
anticentromere Abs
scleroderma (CREST)
anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) Abs
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
Anti-glomerular BM Abs
Goodpasture synd (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
antihistone Abs
drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide, sulfasalazine)
Anti-IgG Abs
RA (systemic inflam, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
antimitochondrial Abs (AMAs)
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
antineutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCAs)
microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener): PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA
antinuclear Abs (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (type III h/s)
antiplatelet Abs
immune thrombocytopenic purpura
anti-topoisomerase Abs
diffuse systemic scleroderma
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Abs
celiac dz
apple core lesion on barium enema x-ray
colorectal cancer (usually L sided)
atypical lymphocytes
EBV
azurophilic peroxidase +
granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
Auer rods (AML, esp M3 type)
bacitracin response
sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A)
resistant: S. agalactiae (B)
bamboo spine on xray
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflam arthritis, HLA-B27)
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning
sideroblastic anemia
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)
bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
subarachnoid hemorrhage
boot shaped heart on xray
tetralogy of fallot (from RVH)
branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules
actinomyces israeli
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
pancoast tumor
brown tumor of bone
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (hemosiderin)
cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
Chagas dz (trypanosoma cruzi)
cellular crescents in bowman capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
chocolate cyst on ovary
endometriosis (often bilat)
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
CF (AutoRec mutation in CTFR)
decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
degeneration of dorsal column fibers
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebral tracts affected)
delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White synd (bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson dz (basal gang d/o: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)
disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia
koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical CA)
electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
pericardial tamponade
enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
owl eye appearance of CMV
enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei w/ central clearing
orphan annie eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
orphan annie eyes nuclei
papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
Lewy body (Parkinsons/Lewy body dementia)
Mallory bodies
alcoholic liver dz
eosinophilic globule in liver
councilman body (viral hep, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
negri bodies (rabies)
extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter
senile plaques (AD)
giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions (owls eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumors)
hair on end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell dz (marrow expansion)
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydratidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo)
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin lymphoma
Schiller-Duvall bodies
yolk sac tumors
heterophile Abs
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
Aschoff bodies
rheumatic fever
high levels of D-dimer
DVT, PE, DIC
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacili)
Charcot-Leyden crystals
bronchial asthma
honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
could be from bleomycin or busulfan
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 def: neurologic sx; folate def: no neurologic sx)
HTN, hK, metabolic alkalosis
primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia
Trousseau sign
adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry bodies (HSV, VZV)
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
kerratin pearls on a skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
Cowdry bodies
HSV, VZV
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
ferruginous bodies
asbestosis
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)
lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)
lytic (punched out) bone lesions on x-ray
multiple myeloma
mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
fibrocystic change on the breast
monoclonal Ab spike
multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging) Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia primary amyloidosis
mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
signet ring (gastric carcinoma, krukenberg)
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
string sign (crohn disease)
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener) Goodpasture synd (anti BM Abs)
needle-shaped, (-) birefringent crystalls
gout (monosodium urate crystals)
signet ring cells
gastric carcinoma krukenberg tumor (ovary and stomach)
string sign
Crohn disease
nodular hyaline deposits
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
novobiocin response
sensitive: S. epidermidis; resistant: S. saprophyticus
nutmeg liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
diabetic nephropathy
optochin response
sensitive: S. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci (s mutans, s sanguis)
podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
polished “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (AD) and Pick bodies (Pick dz)
Psammoma bodies
meningiomas
papillary thyroid carcinoma
mesothelioma
papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
raised periosteum (creates Codman triangle)
Aggressive bone lesion (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (from ischemia or toxic injury)
rhomboid crystals, (+) birefringent
pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)
coarctation of the aorta
Reinke crystals
Leydig cell tumor
ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14, c-myc activation, a/w EBV; starry sky made up of malignant cells)
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick dz: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits
membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
steeple sign on frontal CXR
croup (parainfluenza virus)
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)
streptococcus bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (langerhans cell histiocytosis)
Rouleaux formation
high ESR, multiple myeloma
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposis (AutoDom, APC mutation)
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray
epiglottitis (haemophilus influenzae)
thyroid-like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)
clue cells
gardnerella vaginalis
birbeck granules
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver dz (alcoholic or metabolic)
increased uric acid levels
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
waxy casts w/ very low urine flow
chronic end-stage renal disease
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
AIN
rejection
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually w/ SLE)
yellowish CSF
zanthochromia (like from subarachnoid hemorrhages)
Anitschkow cells
rheumatic fever
Aschoff bodies
rheumatic fever
ASO titers up
strep pyogenes infection
pharyngitis –> rheumatic fever
asymmetric septal hypertrophy
hypertrophic CM
ball valve obstruction
myxoma
brachial-femoral delay
coarctation of the aorta
bread and butter pericarditis
rheumatic fever
bulky, friable vegetations
bacterial endocarditis
c-ANCA (+)
Wegener’s granulomatosis
cardiac knock
constrictive pericarditis
cardiomegaly
dilated CM
Chagas dz
chest pain, radiates to back
aortic dissection
claudication
buerger disease
clubbing
tetralogy of fallot, eisenmenger syndrome, endocarditis
lung CA, TB, CF, chronic hypoxia
crohns, UC, hyperthyroid, malabsorption
CM: diastolic dysfunction
hypertrophic CM
restrictive CM
CM: systolic dysfunction
dilated CM
congenital rubella heart defects
VSD
ASD
PDA
crescendo-decrescendo murmur
aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
ASD
CXR: balloon apearance
dilated CM
CXR: boot shaped heart
tetralogy of Fallot
CXR: mediastinal widening
aortic dissection
CXR: notched ribs
coarctation of aorta
delayed rumbling murmur
mitral stenosis
delta wave, wide QRS, short PR
Wolff-Parkinson-White
DiGeorge heart defects
persistent truncus arteriosus
tetralogy of fallot
distant heart sounds
cardiac tamponade
eccentric hypertrophy
dilated CM
ejection click
aortic stenosis
electrical alternans
cardiac tamponade
erythema marginatum
rheumatic fever
false (+) syphilis test
anti-phospholipid syndrome
friction rub
pericarditis
granulomatous inflammation (vasculitis)
temporal arteritis
Takayasu
Wegener (both)
Churg Strauss (both
harsh sounding murmur
VSD
head bobbing
aortic regurgitation
hemosiderin macrophages in lungs
left heart failure (pulmonary edema)
high pitched, blowing murmur
aortic regurg
mitral regurg
tricuspid regurge
holosystolic murmur
mitral regurg
tricuspid regurg
VSD
IgA complex deposition
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Janeway lesions
bacterial endocarditis
jaw cramp
temporal arteritis
JVD
right heart failure
Kussmaul sign
constrictive pericarditis
DKA
late decrescendo murmur
tricuspid stenosis
long QT + deafness
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
long QT + no deafness
Romano-Ward
Loud S1, wide fixed split S2
ASD
low voltage EKG
restrictive CM
cardiac tamponade
migratory polyarthritis
rheumatic fever
multiple miscarriages
anti-phospholipid syndrome
murmur that gets earlier and softer w/ Valsalva
MVP
murmur louder w/ expiration
mitral regurg
mitral stenosis
mitral prolapse
murmur louder w/ hand grip
mitral regurg
murmur louder w/ inspiration
tricuspid regurg
tricuspid stenosis
tricuspid prolapse
murmur louder w/ squatting
aortic stenosis
murmur radiates to axilla
mitral regurgitation
murmur softer w/ squatting
hypertrophic CM
myofiber disarray
hypertrophic CM
necrotizing inflammation (vasculitis)
polyarteritis nodosa
microscopic polyangiitis
Wegener granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
new murmur
endocarditis
nodular phlebitis
buerger disease
nutmeg liver
right sided heart failure
opening snap
mitral stenosis
orthopnea
left heart failure
palpable, pulsatile abdominal mass
abdominal aortic aneurysm
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
left heart failure
PR depression
pericarditis
prenatal heart defect (in utero Li)
ebstein anomaly
pseudo RBBB
Brugada syndrome
pulseless
takayasu
banana shaped L ventricle
hypertrophic CM
roth spots
bacterial endocarditis
S3
dilated CM
pregnancy/thyrotoxicosis (high CO states)
heart failure
S4
hypertrophic CM
aortic stenosis
segmental thrombosing vasculitis
Buerger dz
sharp pain, better w/ leaning forward
pericarditis
shifting sinusoidal waveforms (ECG)
Torsades de pointes
small, sterile vegetations on heart
Libmans Sacks endocarditis
squatting imporves cyanosis
tetralogy of Fallot
ST depression
NSTEMI
stable angina
unstable angina
ST elevation in V1-V3
Brugada syndrome
strawberry tongue
kawasaki
scarlet fever
strong pulse UE, weak, delayed in LE
coarctation of aorta
strong, bounding pulse
aortic regurg
subcutaneous nodules
rheumatic fever
sudden death in young athlete
hypertrophic CM
Sydenham chorea
rheumatic fever
syncope w/ exercise
hypertrophic CM
T wave inversion
unstable angina
tearing chest pain
aortic dissection
tet spells
tetralogy of Fallot
transient ST elevation
variant angina
tree bark aorta
syphilis (3o)
tumor “plop”
myxoma
unequal UE BPs
aortic dissection
vasculitis (older)
temporal arteritis (>50) Henoch-Schonlein purpura (40-60)
vasculitis (kids)
Kawasaki
Churg-Strauss
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
vasculitis: smokers
Buerger disease
vasculitis: young adults
polyarteritis nodosa
septal hypertrophy
hypertrophic CM
water-hammer pulse
aortic regurg
weak upper pulses
Takayasu
wide pulse pressure
aortic regurg
wide split S2
Ebstein anomaly
widespread ST elevation (all leads)
pericarditis
bird beak esophagus
achalasia
coffee ground emesis
esophageal varices
erythyroplakia
squamous cell dysplasia
Hamman sign
Boerhaave syndrome
Killian triangle
Zenker diverticulum
leukoplakia
squamous cell dysplasia
linear furrows
allergies
linear ulcers
CMV esophagitis
neoplasm: lower 1/3 esophagus
adenocarcinoma
neoplasm: upper/middle 1/3s esophagus
squamous cell carcinoma
pneumomediastinum
Boerhaave syndrome
punched out ulcers in esophagus
HSV-1 esophagitis
white psuedomembrane
candida esophagitis
acanthosis nigracans
gastric carcinoma
DM?
air under diaphragm
duodenal ulcer perforation
Brunner gland hypertrophy
duodenal PUD
gastritis post-burns
culrling ulcer
gastritis w/ increased ICP
cushing ulcer
hour glass stomach
sliding hiatal hernia
Krukenberg tumor
gastric carcinoma
Leser-Trelat sign
gastric carcinoma
linitis plastica
gastric carcinoma
olive-like mass
pyloric stenosis
projectile vomiting
pyloric stenosis
punched out stomach ulcers
benign gastric PUD
rugae look like brain gyri
Mentrier
virchow node
gastric carcinoma
bilious vomit
duodenal atresia
US: bullseye
intussusception
cobblestone mucosa
Crohn disease
coiled spring
intussusception
dermatitis herpetiformis
celiac
double bubble sign
duodenal atresia
foamy macrophages
Whipple disease
napkin ring lesion
SI adenocarcinoma
colorectal carcinoma
obturator sign
acute appendicitis
Rovsing’s sign
acute appendicitis
serotonin secreting tumor
carcinoid syndrome
psoas sign
acute appendicitis
skipping lesions
Crohn disease
thumbprinting
mesenteric ischemia
tumor marker: CEA
colorectal carcinoma
pancreatic carcinoma
GI w/ CNS tumors
Turcot (FAP)
coffee-bean sign
Volvulus
freckle-like pigment on lips, genitals
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
impacted teeth
gardner (FAP)
ladd bands
malrotation
microperforations
diverticulitis
omega sign
sigmoid volvulus
osteoma
Gardner (FAP)
painless hematochezia
diverticular bleed
saw tooth lesions
serrated colonic polyps
volcano lesion
pseudomembranous colitis
calcifications of pancreas
chronic pancreatitis
chain of lakes pattern
chronic pancreatitis
Courvoisier sign (+)
pancreatic carcinoma
(+) cullen sign
acute pancreatitis
fat saponification
acute pancreatitis
gastrin secretign tumor
zollinger-ellison disease
(+) Trousseau sign
pancreatic carcinoma
air in biliary tree
gallstone ileus
cauliflower mass
gallbladder carcinoma
(+) murphy’s sign
acute cholecystitis
pneumobilia
cholelithiasis
porcelain gallbladder
chronic cholecystitis
Rotikansky-Aschoff sinuses
chronic cholecystitis
ASA and kids w/ viral infection
Reye syndrome
asterixis
cirrhosis
hepatic encephalopathy
ballooning
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
beads on a string sign
primary sclerosing cholangitis
bronze skin
hemochromatosis
budd-chiari syndrome
hepatocellular syndrome
central gray-white stellate scar
focal nodular hyperplasia
ferritin increased
hemochomatosis
glossy black liver
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
ground glass hepatocytes
Heb B
dark pigmented liver
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
greasy liver
hepatic steatosis
hobnail appearance
alcoholic cirrhosis
Kayser-Fleisher rings
Wilsons disease
primary biliary cirrhosis
mallory bodies
alcohol hepatitis
nutmeg liver
budd chiari
hepatocellular carcinoma
right sided heart failure
onion skin - liver?
primary sclerosing cholangitis
OPCS
hepatocellular adenoma
palmar erythema
cirrhosis
prussian blue stain
hemochromatosis
xanthelasma
primary biliary cirrhosis
xanthomas
obstructive jaundice
primary biliary cirrhosis?
abnormal risocetin test
von willebrand disease
auer rods
AML
basophilic stippling
lead poisoning
bence-jones cells
multiple myeloma
birbeck granules
langerhans histiocytosis
burr cells
pyruvate kinase deficiency
cerebriform nuclei
mycosis fungoides
sezary syndrome
chipmunk facies
beta thalassemia
sickle cell
conjunctival pallor
iron deficiency anemia
coombs test (+)
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
echinocytes
pyruvate kinase deficiency
erythromyalgias
polycythemia vera
essential thrombocytopenia
glossitis
B12 or folate deficiency
haptoglobin down
intravascular hemolytic anemia
sickle cell
HbC crystals
HbC disease
Heinz bodies
HbH disease
G6PD disease
Hypertrichosis
polyphyria cutanea tarda
koilonychia
iron deficiency anemia
lacunar cells
Hodgkin (nodular sclerosing)
LAP (-) PMNs
CML
lytic bone lesions
ATLL langerhans histiocytosis multiple myeloma MGUS Waldenstroms
megakaryocytes
immune thrombocytopenic purpura
metabisulfite screen
sickle cell (+trait)
MPO (+)
AML
PAS (+)
ALL
Whipple disease
alpha-1-antitrypsin def
primary biliary cirrhosis
Patritier microabscesses
mycoses fungoides
sezary syndrome
pica
iron def anemia
plethora
polycythemia vera
port wine urine
acute intermittent porphyria
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkins lymphoma
ringed sideroblasts
sideroblastic anemia
rouleaux formation
multiple myeloma
skin blistering
porphyria cutanea tarda
smudge cells
CLL
spoon nails
iron def anemia
starry sky
burkitt lymphoma
TdT (+)
ALL
target cells
thalassemia
HbC and HbS
asplenia
liver dz
tea colored urine
porphyria cutanea tarda
tear drop shaped RBCs
mylofibrosis
TRAP (+)
hairy cell leukemia
triphalangeal thumbs
diamond-blackfan anemia
anemia a/w veganism
B12 def
waxing and waning lymphadenopathy
follicular lymphoma
anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure
HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
lymphoma + jaw lesion
burkitt lymphoma
lymphoma a/w celiacs
intestinal T cell lymphoma
lymphoma a/w IVDA
adult T-cell lymphoma
lymphoma a/w EBV
burkitt
Hodgkins
lymphoma a/w HIV/AIDS
primary CNS lymphoma
dry tap on bone marrow aspiration
hairy cell leukemia
aplastic anemia
puriritis after baths
polycythemia vera
erythrocytosis w/ decreased EPO
polycythemia vera
increased methylmalonic acid
B 12 def anemia
osmotic fragility test (+)
hereditary spherocytosis
Howell-Jolly bodies
sickle cell anemia
hemosiderinuria
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
hypocellular marrow w/ fatty infiltrate
aplastic anemia
reddish-pink rods in cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
auer rods (AML)
MC lymphoma (adults + kids)
adults: diffuse B cell
kids: lymphatic lymphoma
lymphoma a/w Sjogrens, Hashimotos and H. pylori
marginal cell maltoma
chest pain + rubbing heart sounds + Cr of 5
uremic pericarditis
vasculitis a/w hepatitis
polyarteritis nodosa
perforation of nasal septum
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
unilateral HA, jaw claudication
giant cell arteritis (temporal)
benign, raised red lesion in older pts
cherry hemangioma
raised, red area present at birth – gets bigger initially then regresses over mo/yrs
strawberry hemangioma
polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma
pyogenic granuloma
benign, painful red-blue tumor under fingernails
glomus tumor
cavernous lymphangioma a/w turners
cystic hygroma
increased leucine and isoleucine in FTT baby
maple syrup urine disease
facial angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum)
tuberous sclerosis
a/w berry aneurysms
ADPKD
Ehlers-Danlos
a/w hypophosphatemic rickets
RTA 2
a/w Potter syndrome
bilateral renal agenesis
ARPKD
acidosis: can’t reabsorb HCO3
RTA 2
acidosis: can’t secrete H+
RTA 1
acidosis: Fanconi synd
RTA 2
acidosis: hK
RTA 1
RTA 2
acidosis: HK
RTA 4
acidosis: hyperaldosteronism
RTA 4
acidosis: sjogrens
RTA 2
acidosis: urine pH > 5.5
RTA 1
acidosis: urine pH
RTA 2
RTA 4
analgesic nephropathy
RTA 1
transitional cell carcinoma
renal papillary necrosis
anti-GBM Abs
goodpastures
apple green birefringence
amyloidosis
basket weave appearance on EM
alport syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedeman
Wilms (nephroblastoma)
BM spikes
membranous nephropathy
C3/4 down w/ kidney problems
post strep GN
diffuse proliferative GN
c-ANCA
Wegeners granulomatosis
cloudy urine
cystitis
cola colored urine
post strep GN
crescents in gllomeruli
rapidly progressive GN
cystitis w/o bacterial infection
interstitial cystitis
kidney cysts (infants)
auto recessive
kidney cysts (pt > 40)
auto dominant
eosinophilia w/ nephritic syndrome
churg strauss
tubulointerstitial nephritis
acute interstitial nephritis
fatty casts
nephrotic syndrome
foamy macs
xanthogranuomatous pyelonephritis
granular casts
chronic renal dz
ATN
henoch purpura
IgA nephropathy (Berger)
hyaline casts
dehydration
hypercalcemia (paraneo)
renal cell carcinoma
hypercellular glomeruli
membranoproliferative GN
diffuse proliferative GN
IgA deposits in mesangium
IgA nephropathy
IgG and IgM in mesangium
post strep GN
kidney w/ sepsis, ob, ARDS
diffuse cortical necrosis
kidneys + hearing loss
alport syndrome
Michaelia-Gutmann bodies
malakoplakia
muddy brown casts
ATN
nephrosis in HIV
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
onion skinning glomerulus
malignant nephrosclerosis
painless hematuria
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
oncocytoma
RBC casts
ischemia/infarction
malignant HTN
sclerosis of mesangium
diabetic nephropathy
small shrunken kidneys
medullary cystic disease
sponge-like cysts on kidneys
autorec PKD
stones: coffin-lid shaped crystal
struvite (ammonium Mg phosphate)
stones: hexagonal crystals
cysteine stones
stones: kids
cysteine stones
stones: loop diuretics
calcium stones
stones: radioluscent
uric acid stones
cysteine stones
stones: radiopaque
Ca oxylate/phosphate
struvite (ammonium Mg phosphate)
stones: rhomboid/rosette crystals
uric acid stones
stones: staghorn caliculi
struvite (ammonium mg phosphate)
subendothelial humps
diffuse proliferative GN
subepithelial humps
post strep GN
Tamm-Horsfall protein
ATN
thick BM
membranous nephropathy
diabetic nephropathy
thinning/splitting of BM of glomerulus
alport syndrome
breast mass: fleshy
medullary ductal carcinoma
breast mass: mobile, marble like
fibroadenoma
breast mass: rock hard, duct like
invasive ductal carcinomas
chocolate cysts
endometriosis/oma
coffee bean nuclei
brenner tumor
p-ANCA
microscopic polyangiitis
eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
ulcerative colitis
loss of red reflex
retinoblastoma
white reflex (eyes)
retinoblastoma
cherry red spot on retina
central artery occlusions
tay-sachs
niemann pick
lactic acidosis + ragged red fibers
mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
facial paralysis spares the forehead – where’s the lesion?
UMN VII –> contralateral
facial paralysis (including forehead) – wheres the lesion?
LMN VII –> ipsilateral
GFAP (+)
astrocytoma, glioblastoma
desmin (+)
muscle tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma)
