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Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

HLA-DR2

A

MS
SLE
Goodpastures

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2
Q

HLA-DQ2

A

celiac sprue

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3
Q

HLA-DR5

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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4
Q

actinic keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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5
Q

acute gastric ulcer a/w CNS injury

A

cushing ulcer

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6
Q

acute gastric ulcer a/w severe burns

A

curling ulcer

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7
Q

ALL age ranges

A

kids

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8
Q

CLL age ranges

A

adult > 60

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9
Q

AML age ranges

A

~65

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10
Q

CML age ranges

A

45-85

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11
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions (crohn)

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12
Q

aortic aneurysm, abdominal

A

atherosclerosis

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13
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

tertiary syph (vasa vasorum destruction)

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14
Q

aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

marfan synd (cystic medial degen)

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15
Q

aortic dissection

A

HTN

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16
Q

atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine def –> ataxia, opthalmoplegia, confusion)

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17
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell dz

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18
Q

bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumoniae

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19
Q

bact meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

newborns: group B strep, E. coli

kids/teens: S. pneumo/N. meningitidis

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20
Q

bilateral ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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21
Q

bleeding d/o w/ GpIIb def

A

Bernard-Soulier synd (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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22
Q

brain tumors (adults)

A

supratentorial: mets, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma), meningioma, schwannoma

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23
Q

brain tumors (kids)

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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24
Q

breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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25
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (post-meno)

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26
Q

breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

fibroadenoma

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27
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma (often seen in tuberous sclerosis)

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28
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (libbman saks?)

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29
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

mets, myxoma (90% in LA)

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30
Q

cerebellar tonsilar herniation

A

chiari II malformation

31
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

a fib (a/w high risk of embolism)

32
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

33
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

34
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hTN

A

21-hydroxylase deficincy

35
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

36
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world);
idio
viral illness (developed world)

37
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

38
Q

cretinism

A

iodine def/congenital hypothyroidism

39
Q

cushing synd

A

iatrogenic (corticosteroid therapy)
adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pit adenoma (cushing)
paraneoplastic (ACTH secretion by tumors)

40
Q

cyanosis (early, less common)

A

tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

41
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

42
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

43
Q

dementia

A

AD, vascular dementia

44
Q

demyelinating dz in young women

45
Q

DIC

A

sepsis, OB complications, CA, burns, trauma, surgery, acute panc, APL

46
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenker diverticulum

47
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

48
Q

esophageal CA

A

squamous cell (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)

49
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. aureus

B. .cereus

50
Q

gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

51
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger dz (IgA nephropathy)

52
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A

endometrial carcinoma (US); cervical carcinoma (world)

53
Q

heart murmur, congenital

54
Q

heart valve in bact endocarditis

A

mitral > aortic (rheumatic), tricuspid (IVDA)

55
Q

helminth infection (US)

A

enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides

56
Q

hematoma - epidural

A

rupture of MMA (trauma, lens shape)

57
Q

hematoma - subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

58
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in HF, bronze diabetes, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

59
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver (a/e hep B/C and alcoholism)

60
Q

hereditary bleeding d/o

A

v Willebrand dz

61
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert (benign congenital uncong bilirubin)

62
Q

HLA-B27

A

psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD-associated arthritis
reactive arthritis (Reiter)

63
Q

HLA-DR3

A 
DM type 1
SLE
Graves dz
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Addison
64
Q

HLA-DR4

A

DM type 1
RA
Addison

65
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD
tri regurg
mitral regurg

66
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (up risk of thrombosis)

67
Q

HTN, secondary

A

renal artery stenosis
chronic kidney dz
hyperaldosteronism

68
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

69
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

70
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

71
Q

infections in CGD

A

s. aureus
E. coli
aspergillus
(catalase +)

72
Q

intellectual disability

A

down

fragile X

73
Q

kidney stones

A 
Ca = radiopaque 
struvite = radiopaque (klebsiella, proteus, saprocyticus)

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