Comquest Journal Flashcards by Cristina Resczenski

L5/sacrum mechanics

L5 sidebends toward axis of sacrum

LoR/RoL: L5 rotates same side as sacrum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sx of hyperaldosteronism

HTN
HNa
hK
met alkalosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tx for UC

5-ASA / mesalamine or sulfasalazine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

alport syndrome sx

IV collagen def
GN, hematuria
gradual hearing loss
ocular changes (abnormal shaped lenses and dot-and-fleck retinopathy)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sickle cell glutamic acid change

valine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

precipitating factors for paroxysmal nocturnal hemaglobinuria

iron supplements
infection
vaccination
acidosis (sleep or exercise)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how does liver dz –> change in androgens

increased aromatase activity in periphery (more T since it’s not being cleared by liver)
increased SHBG binds T more than E (even more E in system)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

findings in primary biliary cirrhosis

fatigue and pruritis
jaundice, hyperchol
elevated alk phos and IgM
antimitochondrial Abs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cavernous sinus syndrome presentation

complete ophthalmoplegia

loss of sensation from CNV1/2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bleeding into joints

hemophilia A/B

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

myotonic dystrophy sx

muscle weakness and atrophy
myotonia
cardiac abnormalities
cataracts
testicular failure
baldness
insulin resistance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tx for HTN emergency

nitroprusside

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

alcoholism
liver dz
myelodysplastic syndromes
hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

celecoxib side effects

up risk of:

MI, stroke, thrombosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ab in CREST

anti-centromere Ab

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sacral/cranial joint movements

cranial extension with sacral nutation

cranial flexion with sacral counternutation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

goodpasture’s renal light microscopy

Ab to BM of glomerulus

anti-BM same as goodpastures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

defect in gilbert’s

decreased hepatic uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fine needle aspiration in medullary cancer of the thyroid

spindle-shaped cells that originate from parafollicular C cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

danazol mechanism

suppress release of FSH and LH and inhibits ovarian estrogen production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

when do you give danazol

endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

VHL presentation

CNS tumors
dermatologic hemangiomas
renal cell carcinoma
pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

shigella in toddlers

diarrhea (mucousy/bloody) 
high fever (can --> seizures)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pale retina w/ cherry red macula

retinal artery occlusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lesion above the facial nucleus --> what muscle weakness

muscles of opposite side of lower face

tx for wegeners

cyclophosphamide | steroids

tx for symptomatic neonatal opioid exposure

naloxone

what is meperidine

opioid

cobb angles for levels of scoliosis

mild: 5-15 moderate: 20-45 severe: > 50

cobb angles for cardio/resp compromise

cardio > 50 | resp > 75

sheehan syndrome

postpartum necrosis of ant pituitary (usually post hemorrhage) can lead to problems breastfeeding

risk factors for bladder cancer

``` radiation aniline dyes artificial sweeteners cyclophosphamide working w/ rubber or leather or textiles or paint ```

when do you see S-100

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

when do you see CD5

CLL

CALLA Ag

ALL (can see TdT)

smudge cells

CLL

sign of testicular torsion

loss of cremasteric reflex

target-like lesions on hands/feet

erythema multiforme | HSV is MCC

hypersensitivity in ABO incompatibility

type II

org causing toxic megacolon

C. diff

tx of narcolepsy

methylphenidate

knee angles (varus/valgus)

knock kneed = valgus = increased Q angle | bow legged = varus = decreased Q angle

PCOS levels

high LH, androgens, glucose

osteomyelitis from foot-puncture wounds (agent)

pseudomonas aeruginosa

zero-order elimination drugs

``` PWEATT Phenytoin Warfarin Heparin Ethanol ASA Theophylline Tolbutamide ```

autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis

type 1: anti-nuclear or anti-smooth muscle | type 2: anti-liver kidney microsomal

tx for essential tremor

propranolol

sign ovulation has occured

increase in progesterone | LH spike makes ovulation happen

Li-Fraumeni defect

p53 tumor suppressor gene

MCC folliculitis

staph aureus

sx of somatostatinomas

``` DM diarrhea/steatorrhea cholelithiasis hypochlorhydria weight loss ```

bilat loss of motor fxn and pain/temp in back/upper extremities

syringomyelia (cape like pattern)

achalasia pathophys

loss of NO releasing neurons that usually dilate the LES

alopecia, dermatitis, neuropathy, depression, nausea, vomitin

biotin deficiency

tx for claudication

statins

stepwise decline in memory w/ hx of HTN

vascular dementia (multi-infarct dementia)

wacky, wet, wobbly

normal pressure hydrocephalus

protein in lewy body dementia

lewy bodies (alpha-synuclein proteins)

pinpoint pupils

opioids | heroin

drugs: nystagmus

PCP

1st line in strep pneumo

penicillin

(+) drop arm test

supraspinatus

what kind of drug is citalopram

SSRI

colon tenderpoint

anterior IT band

Tx for minimal change dz

corticosteroids

Condition a/w molar pregnancy

Theca-lutein cysts (Stim by HCG)

narcolepsy deficiency

orexin

MC area for diverticulosis

sigmoid colon

Serotonin syndrome vs NMS muscles

Ss: hyperreflexia/clonus NMS: diffuse

stricture / dilation of intra hepatic/ extra hepatic bile ducts

primary sclerosing cholangitis

major RF of primary sclerosing cholangitis

memantine mech

NMDA receptor blocker

Memantine ADE

hallucinations

brain tumor → paraneoplastic

hemangioblastoma → increased EPO

brain: spoke-wheel of cells around vessel and rod-shaped blepharoplasts

ependymomas

brain: chicken wire blood vessels

oligodendrogliomas

brain: eosinophilic Corkscrew fibers

pilocytic astrocytomas

brain: whorls, interlacing spindle cells, laminated calcifications

meningiomas

brain: clear, foamy cells

hemangioblastomas

changes to Li levels from age

decreased GFR

gram - vs gram +

positive: teichoic acid, cell wall neg: LPS, Periplasmic space

Tx for PBC pruritis

cholestyramine ursodiol

things injured in winged scapula

long thoracic | Serratus anterior

fracture of surgical neck of humerus →

axillary n. damage limited abduction flat shoulder

tacrolimus mech

calcineurin inhibitors

what does calcineurin do?

move NFAT into T cell nuc | increase IL-2 and IFN- gamma

Cyclosporine mech

calcineurin inhibitor

LSD mech

Partial 5-HT agonism

ABx decreases Valproate levels

carbapenems

problem muscles / nerve in Trandelenburg walk

superior gluteal nerve | weak medius / minimus

Which MAOIs → tyramine problems

non-selective: phenelzine, tranylcypromine | not selegiline

erythema infectiosum

fifth/ parvo

erythema multiforme

bullseye | HSV, mycoplasma, borrelia?

brain: solid mass from 4th ventricle

ependymoma

brain: perivascular pseudorosettes

ependymomas

pain /clicking of index finger

trigger finger | stenosing flexor tenosynovitis

t(11; 14)

mantle-cell lymphoma

panc cancer tumor marker

CA-19-9

what is Trousseau's Syndrome

migratory superficial thrombophlebitis

when do you see migratory superficial thrombophlebitis

panc cancer | lung cancer

MSUD deficiency

alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

micro vs macro nodular cirrhosis

micro: alcohol macro: viral

dandy walker components

absent vermis hydrocephalus dilated 4th ventricle enlarged posterior fossa

increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

hereditary spherocytosis

HTN tx in scleroderma

ACE inhibitors

brain: pseudopalisades

glioblastoma multiforme

bone pain, anemia, HCa

multiple lyeloma

disc herniation nerve root

disc herniates lower vert nerve root (L3/L4 impinges L4)

troponin vs CK-MB

troponin most specific (but stays high for 10 days) CK-MB only lasts 3 days (use to check if new MI) both go up 4-6 hrs post MI

smudge cells

(small, flattened lymphocytes) | CLL

HAART components

2 NRTIs + | 1 protease inhibitor or 1 NNRTI

dx for acromegaly

ILGF levels

Charcot triad: Cholangitis

RUQ pain fever jaundice