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Comquest Journal Flashcards

1
Q

L5/sacrum mechanics

A

L5 sidebends toward axis of sacrum

LoR/RoL: L5 rotates same side as sacrum

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2
Q

sx of hyperaldosteronism

A

HTN
HNa
hK
met alkalosis

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3
Q

Tx for UC

A

5-ASA / mesalamine or sulfasalazine

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4
Q

alport syndrome sx

A

IV collagen def
GN, hematuria
gradual hearing loss
ocular changes (abnormal shaped lenses and dot-and-fleck retinopathy)

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5
Q

sickle cell glutamic acid change

A

valine

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6
Q

precipitating factors for paroxysmal nocturnal hemaglobinuria

A

iron supplements
infection
vaccination
acidosis (sleep or exercise)

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7
Q

how does liver dz –> change in androgens

A

increased aromatase activity in periphery (more T since it’s not being cleared by liver)
increased SHBG binds T more than E (even more E in system)

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8
Q

findings in primary biliary cirrhosis

A

fatigue and pruritis
jaundice, hyperchol
elevated alk phos and IgM
antimitochondrial Abs

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9
Q

cavernous sinus syndrome presentation

A

complete ophthalmoplegia

loss of sensation from CNV1/2

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10
Q

bleeding into joints

A

hemophilia A/B

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11
Q

myotonic dystrophy sx

A 
muscle weakness and atrophy
myotonia
cardiac abnormalities
cataracts
testicular failure
baldness
insulin resistance
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12
Q

tx for HTN emergency

A

nitroprusside

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13
Q

causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

A

alcoholism
liver dz
myelodysplastic syndromes
hypothyroidism

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14
Q

celecoxib side effects

A

up risk of:

MI, stroke, thrombosis

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15
Q

Ab in CREST

A

anti-centromere Ab

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16
Q

sacral/cranial joint movements

A

cranial extension with sacral nutation

cranial flexion with sacral counternutation

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17
Q

goodpasture’s renal light microscopy

A

Ab to BM of glomerulus

anti-BM same as goodpastures

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18
Q

defect in gilbert’s

A

decreased hepatic uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase activity

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19
Q

fine needle aspiration in medullary cancer of the thyroid

A

spindle-shaped cells that originate from parafollicular C cells

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20
Q

danazol mechanism

A

suppress release of FSH and LH and inhibits ovarian estrogen production

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21
Q

when do you give danazol

A

endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease

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22
Q

VHL presentation

A

CNS tumors
dermatologic hemangiomas
renal cell carcinoma
pheochromocytoma

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23
Q

shigella in toddlers

A 
diarrhea (mucousy/bloody) 
high fever (can --> seizures)
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24
Q

pale retina w/ cherry red macula

A

retinal artery occlusion

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25
Q

lesion above the facial nucleus –> what muscle weakness

A

muscles of opposite side of lower face

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26
Q

tx for wegeners

A

cyclophosphamide

steroids

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27
Q

tx for symptomatic neonatal opioid exposure

A

naloxone

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28
Q

what is meperidine

A

opioid

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29
Q

cobb angles for levels of scoliosis

A

mild: 5-15
moderate: 20-45
severe: > 50

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30
Q

cobb angles for cardio/resp compromise

A

cardio > 50

resp > 75

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31
Q

sheehan syndrome

A

postpartum necrosis of ant pituitary (usually post hemorrhage)
can lead to problems breastfeeding

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32
Q

risk factors for bladder cancer

A 
radiation 
aniline dyes
artificial sweeteners
cyclophosphamide 
working w/ rubber or leather or textiles or paint
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33
Q

when do you see S-100

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

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34
Q

when do you see CD5

A

CLL

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35
Q

CALLA Ag

A

ALL (can see TdT)

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36
Q

smudge cells

A

CLL

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37
Q

sign of testicular torsion

A

loss of cremasteric reflex

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38
Q

target-like lesions on hands/feet

A

erythema multiforme

HSV is MCC

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39
Q

hypersensitivity in ABO incompatibility

A

type II

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40
Q

org causing toxic megacolon

A

C. diff

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41
Q

tx of narcolepsy

A

methylphenidate

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42
Q

knee angles (varus/valgus)

A

knock kneed = valgus = increased Q angle

bow legged = varus = decreased Q angle

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43
Q

PCOS levels

A

high LH, androgens, glucose

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44
Q

osteomyelitis from foot-puncture wounds (agent)

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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45
Q

zero-order elimination drugs

A 
PWEATT
Phenytoin
Warfarin
Heparin
Ethanol
ASA
Theophylline
Tolbutamide
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46
Q

autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis

A

type 1: anti-nuclear or anti-smooth muscle

type 2: anti-liver kidney microsomal

47
Q

tx for essential tremor

A

propranolol

48
Q

sign ovulation has occured

A

increase in progesterone

LH spike makes ovulation happen

49
Q

Li-Fraumeni defect

A

p53 tumor suppressor gene

50
Q

MCC folliculitis

A

staph aureus

51
Q

sx of somatostatinomas

A 
DM
diarrhea/steatorrhea
cholelithiasis
hypochlorhydria
weight loss
52
Q

bilat loss of motor fxn and pain/temp in back/upper extremities

A

syringomyelia (cape like pattern)

53
Q

achalasia pathophys

A

loss of NO releasing neurons that usually dilate the LES

54
Q

alopecia, dermatitis, neuropathy, depression, nausea, vomitin

A

biotin deficiency

55
Q

tx for claudication

56
Q

stepwise decline in memory w/ hx of HTN

A

vascular dementia (multi-infarct dementia)

57
Q

wacky, wet, wobbly

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

58
Q

protein in lewy body dementia

A

lewy bodies (alpha-synuclein proteins)

59
Q

pinpoint pupils

A

opioids

heroin

60
Q

drugs: nystagmus

61
Q

1st line in strep pneumo

A

penicillin

62
Q

(+) drop arm test

A

supraspinatus

63
Q

what kind of drug is citalopram

64
Q

colon tenderpoint

A

anterior IT band

65
Q

Tx for minimal change dz

A

corticosteroids

66
Q

Condition a/w molar pregnancy

A

Theca-lutein cysts (Stim by HCG)

67
Q

narcolepsy deficiency

68
Q

MC area for diverticulosis

A

sigmoid colon

69
Q

Serotonin syndrome vs NMS muscles

A

Ss: hyperreflexia/clonus
NMS: diffuse

70
Q

stricture / dilation of intra hepatic/ extra hepatic bile ducts

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

71
Q

major RF of primary sclerosing cholangitis

72
Q

memantine mech

A

NMDA receptor blocker

73
Q

Memantine ADE

A

hallucinations

74
Q

brain tumor → paraneoplastic

A

hemangioblastoma → increased EPO

75
Q

brain: spoke-wheel of cells around vessel and rod-shaped blepharoplasts

A

ependymomas

76
Q

brain: chicken wire blood vessels

A

oligodendrogliomas

77
Q

brain: eosinophilic Corkscrew fibers

A

pilocytic astrocytomas

78
Q

brain: whorls, interlacing spindle cells, laminated calcifications

A

meningiomas

79
Q

brain: clear, foamy cells

A

hemangioblastomas

80
Q

changes to Li levels from age

A

decreased GFR

81
Q

gram - vs gram +

A

positive: teichoic acid, cell wall
neg: LPS, Periplasmic space

82
Q

Tx for PBC pruritis

A

cholestyramine ursodiol

83
Q

things injured in winged scapula

A

long thoracic

Serratus anterior

84
Q

fracture of surgical neck of humerus →

A

axillary n. damage
limited abduction
flat shoulder

85
Q

tacrolimus mech

A

calcineurin inhibitors

86
Q

what does calcineurin do?

A

move NFAT into T cell nuc

increase IL-2 and IFN- gamma

87
Q

Cyclosporine mech

A

calcineurin inhibitor

88
Q

LSD mech

A

Partial 5-HT agonism

89
Q

ABx decreases Valproate levels

A

carbapenems

90
Q

problem muscles / nerve in Trandelenburg walk

A

superior gluteal nerve

weak medius / minimus

91
Q

Which MAOIs → tyramine problems

A

non-selective: phenelzine, tranylcypromine

not selegiline

92
Q

erythema infectiosum

A

fifth/ parvo

93
Q

erythema multiforme

A

bullseye

HSV, mycoplasma, borrelia?

94
Q

brain: solid mass from 4th ventricle

A

ependymoma

95
Q

brain: perivascular pseudorosettes

A

ependymomas

96
Q

pain /clicking of index finger

A

trigger finger

stenosing flexor tenosynovitis

97
Q

t(11; 14)

A

mantle-cell lymphoma

98
Q

panc cancer tumor marker

99
Q

what is Trousseau’s Syndrome

A

migratory superficial thrombophlebitis

100
Q

when do you see migratory superficial thrombophlebitis

A

panc cancer

lung cancer

101
Q

MSUD deficiency

A

alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

102
Q

micro vs macro nodular cirrhosis

A

micro: alcohol
macro: viral

103
Q

dandy walker components

A

absent vermis
hydrocephalus
dilated 4th ventricle
enlarged posterior fossa

104
Q

increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

A

hereditary spherocytosis

105
Q

HTN tx in scleroderma

A

ACE inhibitors

106
Q

brain: pseudopalisades

A

glioblastoma multiforme

107
Q

bone pain, anemia, HCa

A

multiple lyeloma

108
Q

disc herniation nerve root

A

disc herniates lower vert nerve root (L3/L4 impinges L4)

109
Q

troponin vs CK-MB

A

troponin most specific (but stays high for 10 days)
CK-MB only lasts 3 days (use to check if new MI)
both go up 4-6 hrs post MI

110
Q

smudge cells

A

(small, flattened lymphocytes)

CLL

111
Q

HAART components

A

2 NRTIs +

1 protease inhibitor or 1 NNRTI

112
Q

dx for acromegaly

A

ILGF levels

113
Q

Charcot triad: Cholangitis

A

RUQ pain
fever
jaundice

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