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Relevant Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

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2
Q

acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

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3
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

all-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

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5
Q

alcoholism

A

disulfram, acamprostate, naltrexone, supportive care

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6
Q

alcohol withdrawl

A

long-acting benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, diazepam)

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7
Q

anorexia

A

nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

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8
Q

arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

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9
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

alpha-antagonists, 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

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10
Q

bipolar d/o

A

mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

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11
Q

breast cancer in postmeno women

A

aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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12
Q

buerger disease

A

smoking cessation

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13
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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14
Q

candida albicans

A

vaginitis: topical azoles
oral/esophageal: nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin
systemic: fluconazole, capsofungin, amphotericin B

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15
Q

carcinoid cyndrome

A

octreotide

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16
Q

chlamydia trachomatis

A

doxycycline (+ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection)

erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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17
Q

chronic gout

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol)

pegloticase, probenecid

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18
Q

chronic hep B or C

A

IFN-alpha

ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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19
Q

chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

imatinib

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20
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

antitoxin

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21
Q

clostridium difficile

A

oral metronidazole

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22
Q

clostridium tetani

A

antitoxin

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23
Q

CMV

A

ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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24
Q

crohn disease

A

corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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25
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A

fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

amphotericin B

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26
Q

cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

mensa

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27
Q

depression

A

SSRIs (first line)

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28
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

central: desmopressin
nephrogenic: hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride

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29
Q

DM type 1

A

diet + insulin replacement

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30
Q

DM type 2

A

diet + oral hypoglycemics, insulin

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31
Q

DKA

A

fluids, insulin, K+

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32
Q

drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

heparin

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33
Q

enterococci

A

vancomycin (or linezolid), aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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34
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

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35
Q

ER + breast cancer

A

tamoxifen

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36
Q

ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

ethanol if youre way poor

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37
Q

haemophilus influenza B

A

prophylaxis: rifampin

get the vaccine dude

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38
Q

generalized anxiety d/o

A

SSRIs (1st line), SNRIs, buspirone

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39
Q

granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegeners)

A

cyclophosphamide

corticosteroids

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40
Q

heparin reversal

A

protamine sulfate

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41
Q

HER2/neu + breast cancer

A

trastuzumab

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42
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone

ketoconazole?

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43
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

statin (1st line)

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44
Q

hypertriglyceridemia

A

fibrate

niacin

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45
Q

immediate anticoagulation

A

heparin

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46
Q

infertility

A

leuprolide
GnRH (pulsatile)
clomiphene

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47
Q

influenza

A

oseltamivir, zanamivir

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48
Q

kawasaki disease

A

ASA, IVIG

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49
Q

legionella pneumophila

A

macrolides (azithromycin)

fluoroquinolones

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50
Q

long term anticoagulation

A

warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban

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51
Q

malaria

A

blood shizont: chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil
hypnozoites: primaquine

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52
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene (1st line)

bromocriptine

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53
Q

medical abortion

A

mifepristone

54
Q

migraine

A 
abortive therapies (sumatriptan, NSAIDs)
prophylaxis (propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)
55
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

disease modifying therapies (beta IFN, natalizumab)
IV steroids for acute flares
spasticity (baclofen, tizanidine)

56
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol

57
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

ceftriaxone (+ doxy for chlamydia concurrent infection)

58
Q

neisseria meningitidis

A

penicillin/ceftriaxone

rifampin (prophylaxis)

59
Q

neural tube defect prevention

A

prenatal folic acid

60
Q

osteomalacia/rickets

A

vitamin D

61
Q

osteoporosis

A

Ca/Vit D (prophylaxis)

bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMS, calcitonin, denosumab

62
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

close w/ indomethacin

keep open w/ PGE analogs

63
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

phenoxybenzamine (alpha-antagonists)

64
Q

pneumocystis jirovevii

A

TMP-SMX

65
Q

prolactinoma

A

cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

66
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma/ uterine fibroids

A

leuprolide

GnRH (continuous)

67
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma

A

flutamide

68
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

antipseudomonal penicillins
aminoglycosides
carbapenems

69
Q

pulmonary arterial HTN (idiopathic)

A

siildenafil
bosentan
epoprostenol

70
Q

rickettsia rickettsii

A

doxycycline

chloramphenicol

71
Q

schizophrenia (negative sx)

A

atypical antipsychotics

72
Q

schizophrenia (positive sx)

A

typical and atypical antipsychotics

73
Q

SIADH

A

fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

74
Q

sickle cell dz

A

hydroxyurea (increases HbF)

75
Q

sporothrix schenckii

A

itraconazole, oral K iodide

76
Q

stable angina

A

sublingual nitroglycerin

77
Q

staph aureus

A

nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin

MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

78
Q

streptococcus bovis

A

penicillin prophylaxis, check for colon CA

79
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia)

vancomycin (meningitis)

80
Q

streptococcus pyogenes

A

penicillin prophylaxis

81
Q

temporal arteritis

A

high dose steroids

82
Q

tonic-clonic seizures

A

levetiracetam
phenytoin
valproate
carbamazepine

83
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

84
Q

treponema pallidum

A

penicillin

85
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole (patient and partner)

86
Q

trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

carbamazepine (1st)

baclofen, valproic acid (next)

87
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (mesalamine)

6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

88
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

89
Q

warfarin reversal

A 
FFP (acute)
vit K (non-acute)
90
Q

status epilepticus

A

IV benzos (lorazepam)

91
Q

sustained arrhythmias post MI

A

1st line: amiodorone

2nd: lidocaine

92
Q

prevent gynecomastia in androgen-deprivation-therapy pts

A

SERMs (tamoxifen)

93
Q

delirium: old folks

A

haloperidol

94
Q

delirium: EtOH/benzo withdrawl

A

benzos

95
Q

otitis media

A

amoxicillin
amox/clavulaunic acid
cephalosporins

96
Q

postprandial hyperglycemia

A

lispro
aspart
glulisine

97
Q

TCA cardiotox

A

sodium bicarb (more basic serum – neutralizes TCA, increases extracellular sodium to overcome competitive inhibition)

98
Q

heparin induced thrombocytopenia

A

direct thrombin inhibitors

99
Q

cause ototoxicity

A 
loops
aminoglycosides 
salicylates
cisplatin
streptomycin
vancomycin
100
Q

prevention of coronary artery thrombosis

A

ASA

101
Q

prevention of ischemic strokes

A

ASA

102
Q

prevention of DVTs/PEs

A

heparin

103
Q

CYP450 inducers

A 
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
rifampin
modafinil
griseofulvin
St. johns wort
cyclophosphamide
104
Q

CYP450 inhibitors

A 
CRACK AMIGOS
ciprofloxacin
ritonavir
amiodarone 
cimetidine
ketoconazole
acute alcohol use
macrolides
isoniazid 
grapefruit juice
omeprazole
sulfonamides
105
Q

postherpetic neuralgia

A

TCAs
anticonvulsants (Gabapentin)
lidocaine patches
capsaicin

106
Q

avoid myelosuppression w/ methotrexate

A

leucovorin (folinic acid - reduced form of folic acid that doesn’t need DHF-reductase)

107
Q

tx to prevent vasospasm post subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

nimodipine

108
Q

cyanide poisoning

A

amyl nitrates

109
Q

narcolepsy

A

milodifil

110
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine

111
Q

hypertensive crisis (MAO-Is and tyramine)

A

phentolamine

112
Q

drug given during angioplasty in pts w/ ACS

A

abciximab

113
Q

tx hypocalcemia after complete thyroidectomy

A

calcitriol (not calcidiol which needs PTH)

114
Q

acute intermittent porphyria

A

glucose or hemin (inhibits ALA synthase activity)

115
Q

urge incontinence

A

antimuscarinics (M3)

116
Q

drug-induced parkinsonism (EPS)

A

anticholinergics (benzotropine, trihexyphenidyl)

117
Q

nausea from chemotherapy

A

ondansetron

118
Q

treatment resistant schizo

A

clozapine

119
Q

essential tremor

A

propranolol

120
Q

Wilson dz

A

D-penicillamine

121
Q

benzos with liver problems

A

lorazepam
oxazepam
temazepam

122
Q

counteract theophylline

A

beta blockers

123
Q

CGD

A

prophylactic: TMP-SMX, itraconozole

IFN-gamma

124
Q

cystinuria

A

acetazolamide

125
Q

decrease aqueous humor synthesis

A

epi (alpha-1)
brimonidine (alpha-2)
timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
acetazolamide

126
Q

increase outflow of aqueous humor

A

pilocarpine, carbachol
physostigmine, echothiophate
bimatoprost, latanoprost

127
Q

ALS

A

riluzole (decrease glutamate excitotoxicity)

128
Q

Huntington

A

tetrabenazine/resperidine (inhibit VMAT, decrease dopamine release)
haloperidol (D2R antagonist)

129
Q

SLE

A

steroids
NSAIDs
hydroxychloroquine
cyclophosphamide

130
Q

fibromyalgia

A

FDA: pregabalin, milnacipran (SNRI)
traditional: amitriptyline, fluoxetine

131
Q

cellulitis

A

non-MRSA: dicloxacillin, cephalexin

MRSA: TMP-SMX, clindamycin

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