Classic Presentations Flashcards
abd pain, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly
Budd-chiari synd
abd pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent ABx use
C diff infection
achilles tendon xanthoma
familial hypercholestolerolemia
adrenal hemorrhage, hTN,DIC
Waterhous-Friderichsen synd (meningococcemia)
anaphylaxis after blood transfusion
IgA deficiency
+ anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
archnodactyly, lens dislocation (up), aortic dissection, hyperflexible jnts
Marfan synd (fibrillin defect)
athlete w/ polycythemia
2o to EPO injection
back pain, fever, night sweats
Pott dz (vertebral TB)
bilat acoustic schwannomas
neurofibromatosis type 2
bilat hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)
black eschar on face of person with DKA
mucor or rhizopus fungal infection
blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
bluish line on gingiva
burton line (lead poisoning)
bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
paget disease
bounding pulses, wide pulse P, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
arotic regurge
butterfly facial rash and raynauds
SLE
cafe-au-lait spots, lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas
neurofibromatosis type 1
calf pseudohypertrophy
muscular dystrophy (usually duchenne - X-linked mutation of dystrophin gene)
cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue, hand foot changes
Kawasaki dz
cherry-red spots on macula
Tay-sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation
chest pain on exertion
angina (stable if w/ moderate exertion, unstable if @ minimal or rest)
chest pain, pericardial effusion, persistent fever post MI
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune mediated)
chest pain w/ ST depression on EKG
unstable angina (-troponins) or NSTEMI (+troponins)
child uses arms to stand from squat
duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gower’s sign)
child w/ fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
fifth dz (slapped cheeks, parvovirus B19)
chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
HUntington dz (AutoDom CAG repeat)
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
congenital toxoplasmosis
chronic exercise intolerance w/ myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
McArdle dz (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase def)
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diploplia
internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF, uni or bilat)
continuous, machine like murmur
PDA
cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition
myxedema (hypothyroidism)
cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm
carcinoid syndrome
dark purple skin/mouth nodules in AIDS pt
Kaposi sarcoma, a/w HHV-8
deep labored breathing, hyperventilation
DKA (kussmaul respirations)
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
pellagra (niacin (B3) def)
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
wet beri beri (thiamine (B1) def)
dog/cat bite resulting in infection
pasturella multicida
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjogrens (autoimmune)
dysphagia, glossitis, iron def anemia
Plummer-Vinson synd (may progress to squamous cell carcinoma)
elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, increased bleeding
Ehlers Danlos synd (type V collagen defect)
enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal met)
episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing oss
Meniere dz
erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cel lymphoma) ir Sezary synd (mycosis fungoides + malig T cells in blood)
facial muscle spasm when tapping the cheek
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
fat, female, forty, fertile
cholelithiasis (gallstones)
fever, chills, HA, myalgia, after Tx for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes releases endotoxin)
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
measles
fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms of lmphoma
TB?
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis w/ abnormal curvature
peyronie dz (CT d/o)
golden brown rings around cornea
Wilson dz (Kayser-fleisher rings)
gout, intellectual disability, self mutilation in a boy
Lesh-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT def, X-link recessive)
lip biting?
hamartomous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/hands/feet/genitalia
Peutz-Jeghers synd
hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crisis
Gaucher dz (glucocerebrosidase def)
hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy synd (bilat amygdala lesion)
hyperreflexia, hypertonia, babinski sign
UMN damage
hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasiculations
LMN damage
hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
chronic bronchitis (blue bloater)
indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
nonpainful = chancre (primary syphilis, treponema pallidum) painful w/ exudate = chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
infact w/ cleft lip/palate, micro/holopresencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
infact w/ hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly
Cori dz (debranching enzyme def) Von Gierke dz (G6PD, more severe)
infant w/ microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, heart defects
Edwards synd (trisomy 18)
jaundice, palpable distended, non-tender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign (distal malignant obstruction of biliary tree)
large rash w/ bullseye
erythe,a chronicum migrans (lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi)
lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
epidural hematoma (MMA rupture)
male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Bruton dz (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
g;anzmann thrombasthenia (no GpIIB/IIIa)
muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hTN
cardiac tamponade (Beck’s triad)
multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
myopathy (infantile hypertrophic CM), exercise intolerance
Pompe dz (lysosomal alpha-1,4-gluconidase def)
neonate w/ arm paralysis after birth
Erd-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk, C5-C6 brachial plexus injury –> waiters tip hand)
no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Sheehan synd (pit infarction)
nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilat internuclear opthalmoplegia
MS
painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
cold agglutinin dz (autoimmune hemolytic anemia from mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mono, or CLL)
painful fingers/toes changing from blue to white to red w/ cold or stress
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
painful, raised red lesions on finger/toe pads
osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
painless erythematous lesions on palms/soles
janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)
painless jaundice
cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abd pain (child), hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affects skin/kidneys)
pancreatic, pituitary, and parathyroid tumors
MEN 1 (AutoDom)
periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
nephrotic syndrome
pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
emphysema (centriacinr (smoking) or panacinar (alpha 1 antitrypsin def))
polyuria, RTA type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
fanconi syndrome
pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6Ps)
lichen planus
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner syndrome (symp chain lesion)
pupil accommodates but doesn’t react
neurosyphilis (argyll robertson pupils)
rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/URI
Guillain-Barre synd
rash on palms and soles
coxsackie A
2o syphilis
rocky mountain spotted fever
recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
red “current jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia
red “current jelly” stools
acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)
intussusception (kids)
red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
renal cell carcinoma (bilat), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau dz, (dom tumor suppressor gene mutation)
resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait
parkinson dz (loss of dopa neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
severe jaundice in neonates
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
severe RLQ pain w/ palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
severe RLQ pain w/ deep tenderness
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
short stature, cafe-au-lait spots, thumb/radial defects, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair, often progresses to AML)
single palmar crease
Down syndrome
situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener synd (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
skin hyperpigmentation, hTN, fatigue
primary adrenocortical insuff (like Addisons) causes increased production of ACTH and MSH
slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense in dystrophin, less severe than duchenne)
small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa w/ blue-white centers
koplik spots (measles)
smooth, moist, painless wart-like white lesions on genitals
condylomata lata (2o syphilis)
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
bacterial endocarditis
strawberry tongue
scarlet fever
kawasaki dz
streak ovaries, congenital heart dz, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
Turner synd (45, XO)
sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petichiae
scurvy (vit C def: cant hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synth)
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP = Bouchard nodes; DIP = Heberden nodes)
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo decrescendo)
aortic stenosis
telangiectasias, recurrent epitaxis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria
osler-weber rendu syndrome
thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (AutoDom RET mutation)
thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (AutoDom RET mutation)
toe extension w/ plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
unilat facial drooping involving forehead
LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the forehead
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
reactive arthritis a/w HLA-B27
vascular birthmark (port wine stain) of the face
nevus flammeus (benign but a/w Sturge-Weber synd)
vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
mallory-weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic pts)
weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple dz (tropheryma whipplei)
worst headache of my life
subarachnoid hemorrhage