Storing and Using genetic information

Question 1

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Answer 1

A pentose sugar, a phosphate and a base

Question 2

What are base sugars connected by?

Answer 2

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What enzyme unzips the DNA double helix

Answer 3

DNA Helicase

Question 4

What enzyme adds new nucleotides to each new strand?

Answer 4

DNA Polymerase

Question 5

What direction are new DNA strands formed in?

Answer 5

C’5 to C’3

Question 6

What are the fragments that make up the lagging strand called?

Answer 6

Okazaki fragments

Question 7

What is meant by the transcription of DNA being a degenerate system?

Answer 7

Each codon can code for more than one amino acid

Question 8

What does methionine do?

Answer 8

A codon that tells enzymes where to start transcribing RNA.

Question 9

What happens once the termination codon has been reached?

Answer 9

Exons are removed and can be re-ordered, making an mRNA molecule.

Question 10

Why is a cap and tail added to an mRNA molecule?

Answer 10

Protects it from being broken down by other enzymes

Question 11

Where does translation of mRNA occur?

Answer 11

The endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

What do tRNA molecules do?

Answer 12

Carry amino acids to the ribosome