ADRs

Question 1

What are the main types of ADRs?

Answer 1

Augmented 
Bizarre
Chronic
Delayed
End of Treatment
Failure of treatment

Question 2

What are the characteristics of Augmented ADRs?

Answer 2

They are Predictable
Resolve when drug stops
Dose dependent

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Bizarre ADRs?

Answer 3

Unpredictable
Rare
Serious
Unrelated to dose

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Chronic ADRs?

Answer 4

Related to dose
Related to length of treatment
Semi-predictable
(e.g. long term exposure to hormones)

Question 5

What are the characteristics of Delayed ADRs?

Answer 5

Occurs years after treatment, or in children of patients

e.g. thalidomide, secondary cancers

Question 6

What are the characteristics of End of Treatment ADRs?

Answer 6

Effects caused when drugs are stopped

e.g. withdrawal symptoms

Question 7

What are the characteristics of Failure of Treatment ADRs?

Answer 7

Common, mostly caused by drug-drug interactions

Question 8

What are the two main types of drug-drug interactions?

Answer 8

Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic

Question 9

What are additive/synergistic interactions?

Answer 9

When two drugs with the same pharmacological effect are given subsequently.

Question 10

How do drug-drug interactions affect absorption?

Answer 10

By affecting the rate

Question 11

How do drugs alter absorption?

Answer 11

Some drugs bind to each other in the GI tract
Some drugs alter pH
Some drugs kill normal gut flora

Question 12

How can drug distribution be altered by drug-drug interactions?

Answer 12

Protein binding displacement can cause the bioavailability of another drug to increase.

Question 13

How can drug metabolism be altered by drug-drug interactions?

Answer 13

Some induce the P-450 system, some inhibit it.

Question 14

What factors may put someone at risk of a drug-drug interaction?

Answer 14

Number of drugs
Age
Critical illness
Underlying conditions