Storage and mobilization of fatty acids, beta oxidation and ketones Flashcards
fatty acids are stored as ____that are quick and easy to break down ester bonds for energy.
TAGs
TAGs are three ____ _____ with one ______
fatty acids (usually different) glycerol
TAGS are _____ and nearly water _____.
anhydrous
insoluble
TAGs coalesce in droplets in______
adipocytes
TAGs are stored in _______for ready mobilization of energy.
adipose
TAGs can be packaged and exported as ______
lipoproteins (VLDL)
TAGs can be transported as _______to deliver lipids to peripheral tissues
very low density lipoproteins
VLDL
TAGs are concentrated stores of metabolic fuels that are highly _____and largely ______
HIGHLY REDUCED
largely anhydrous
Oxidation of fatty acids to _____ and _____ is __kcal/g of fat
CO2
H20
9
Mobilization of fatty acids begins with ____ ____ _____cleaving Fatty acids in the hepatocytes
hormone sensitive lipase
Mobilization of fatty acids requires ______ release of ____ ____ and _____
hydrolytic
fatty acids
glycerol
hormone sensitive lipase is activated by
camp dependent kinase
When ____ and ____ bind to receptors, camp is produced in adipocytes
glucagon
epinephrine
glucagon is released from where?
alpha cells in pancreas
inlets of lederhosen (langerhorn)
free fatty acids bind to _____and are carried to tissues to be used as energy
albumin
what is beta oxidation?
major mitochondrial pathway for catabolism of fatty acids
During beta oxidation what is removed? what end?
two carbon fragments are successively removed from the carboxyl end of fatty acyl(fat) CoA
beta oxidation produces _____ _____ and ______
acetyl CoA, 3 NADH, 2 FADH2
We need carnitine form meat or beans because it is required for
the carnitine shuttle that brings long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria
beta oxidation is high energy yield from the oxidation of______ to ____ and ______
palmitoyl CoA to CO2 and H20
Beta oxidation yields ____ATP per palmitoyl CoA
129
The resulting odd numbered Fatty acid left over from beta oxidation requires _____ _____ _____ that produces ______
another chemical reaction
succinyl CoA to enter the TCA cycle
Unsaturated FA provide less energy because ________
they are less highly reduced
(results in less reducing equivalents)
(less electrons for ETC)
The ____ mitochondria can convert _______from fatty oxidation into ____ ____
liver
acetyl CoA
ketone bodies
What are the two useable ketone bodies ?
Acetoacetate
B hydroxybutyrate
What is the unusable side product of oxidation into ketone bodies?
Acetone
Acetoacetate and B hydroxybutyrate can be transported to tissues and reconverted to ______and enter the ________
acetyl CoA
TCA
Ketones are water soluble
T/F
T
Ketone bodies can be used via _____in peripheral tissues and the brain
ketolysis
what are TAGS?
3 fatty acids and glycerol ester bonded
