Storage and mobilization of fatty acids, beta oxidation and ketones

Question 1

fatty acids are stored as ____that are quick and easy to break down ester bonds for energy.

Answer 1

TAGs

Question 2

TAGs are three ____ _____ with one ______

Answer 2

fatty acids (usually different)
glycerol

Question 3

TAGS are _____ and nearly water _____.

Answer 3

anhydrous

insoluble

Question 4

TAGs coalesce in droplets in______

Answer 4

adipocytes

Question 5

TAGs are stored in _______for ready mobilization of energy.

Answer 5

adipose

Question 6

TAGs can be packaged and exported as ______

Answer 6

lipoproteins (VLDL)

Question 7

TAGs can be transported as _______to deliver lipids to peripheral tissues

Answer 7

very low density lipoproteins

VLDL

Question 8

TAGs are concentrated stores of metabolic fuels that are highly _____and largely ______

Answer 8

HIGHLY REDUCED

largely anhydrous

Question 9

Oxidation of fatty acids to _____ and _____ is __kcal/g of fat

Answer 9

CO2
H20
9

Question 10

Mobilization of fatty acids begins with ____ ____ _____cleaving Fatty acids in the hepatocytes

Answer 10

hormone sensitive lipase

Question 11

Mobilization of fatty acids requires ______ release of ____ ____ and _____

Answer 11

hydrolytic
fatty acids
glycerol

Question 12

hormone sensitive lipase is activated by

Answer 12

camp dependent kinase

Question 13

When ____ and ____ bind to receptors, camp is produced in adipocytes

Answer 13

glucagon

epinephrine

Question 14

glucagon is released from where?

Answer 14

alpha cells in pancreas

inlets of lederhosen (langerhorn)

Question 15

free fatty acids bind to _____and are carried to tissues to be used as energy

Answer 15

albumin

Question 16

what is beta oxidation?

Answer 16

major mitochondrial pathway for catabolism of fatty acids

Question 17

During beta oxidation what is removed? what end?

Answer 17

two carbon fragments are successively removed from the carboxyl end of fatty acyl(fat) CoA

Question 18

beta oxidation produces _____ _____ and ______

Answer 18

acetyl CoA, 3 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 19

We need carnitine form meat or beans because it is required for

Answer 19

the carnitine shuttle that brings long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria

Question 20

beta oxidation is high energy yield from the oxidation of______ to ____ and ______

Answer 20

palmitoyl CoA to CO2 and H20

Question 21

Beta oxidation yields ____ATP per palmitoyl CoA

Answer 21

129

Question 22

The resulting odd numbered Fatty acid left over from beta oxidation requires _____ _____ _____ that produces ______

Answer 22

another chemical reaction

succinyl CoA to enter the TCA cycle

Question 23

Unsaturated FA provide less energy because ________

Answer 23

they are less highly reduced
(results in less reducing equivalents)
(less electrons for ETC)

Question 24

The ____ mitochondria can convert _______from fatty oxidation into ____ ____

Answer 24

liver
acetyl CoA
ketone bodies

Question 25

What are the two useable ketone bodies ?

Answer 25

Acetoacetate

B hydroxybutyrate

Question 26

What is the unusable side product of oxidation into ketone bodies?

Answer 26

Acetone

Question 27

Acetoacetate and B hydroxybutyrate can be transported to tissues and reconverted to ______and enter the ________

Answer 27

acetyl CoA

TCA

Question 28

Ketones are water soluble

T/F

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Ketone bodies can be used via _____in peripheral tissues and the brain

Answer 29

ketolysis

Question 30

what are TAGS?

Answer 30

3 fatty acids and glycerol ester bonded