clinical correlations Flashcards
Steatorrhea is ?
lipid malabsorption
In what disease process would you see increased lipids, essential fatty acids, and vitamins A D E K in feces
Steatorrhea
Treatment of Steatorrhea would be>
supplementation of short less than 6 carbon and medium 6-12 chain fatty acids
those type of FA don’t require micelle formation to absorb
NASH is
non alcoholic Steatorrhea hepatitis
fat build up killing liver
Ketoacidosis results when ?
the rate of formation of ketone bodies is higher than the rate of use
Ketoacidosis occurs in DM type 1 because excessive formation of ketone bodies forces___ ___ into ketone body pathway.
acetyl CoA
In ketoacidosis the ketone body has a low pH causing what?
loses hydrogen to plasma, lowers physiological PH, results in metabolic acidosis
Dehydration results from ketoacidosis because
excretion of excretion of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine.
water follows the ketone bodies and sugar
Mom with a premature baby. Give what before delivery to do what?
surfactant
glucocorticoids to speed lung maturation
Toxins, venoms, and pathogenic bacteria have______activity and may dissolve_____ and spread______
phospholipase
membranes
infection
An accumulation of glycosphingolipids would result from a
genetic issue such as tay-sachs from deficient enzymes
- accumulation of gangliosides
- rapid progressive fatal neurodegeneration
- blindness
- cherry red macula
- muscular weakness
- seizures
tay -sachs
a neurotoxic medical emergency that would have the S/S of tremors, slurred speech, somnolence, blurred vision, coma, death would be caused by
6
hyperammonemia
what would the cause of hyperammonemia be?
ammonia formation exceeds urea cycle capacity due to declining liver function related to hepatic disease that results in deficient urea cycle enzymes
high homocysteine levels from methionine metabolism would result in
neural tube defect
elevated homocysteine levels from methionine metabolism is related to atherosclerosis why?
foam cells
elevated homocysteine promotes oxidative damage, inflammation, and endothelial damage
what supplement would you give to lower homocysteine?
folate
PKU (phenylketonuria) causes what and newborns
mental retardation
How do you treat PKU?
foods low in phenylalanine
give tyrosine
What’s the biochemical problem with PKU
don’t have the enzymes to covert phenylalanine to tyrosine, phenylpyruvate(toxic) builds up
name the issue caused by a defect in tyrosine metabolism
albinism-deficiency in melanin
name the catecholamines derived from tyrosine
4
tyrosine dopa dopamine norepi epi
histamine is formed from ______by what process?
histidine
decarboxylation
Serotonin is made from
tryptophan
serotonin is a NT that causes _____,______ and ______.
vasoconstriction
smooth muscle contraction
platelet aggregation
GABA is produced from glutamate by ?
glutamate decarboxylase
Arginine is synthesized to ____by being catalyzed by NO synthase.
NO
NO synthase
an autosomal recessive disease that causes mutation of Chloride channel
cystic fibrosis
In cystic fibrosis chloride conductance is ______
decreased
In cystic fibrosis decreased chloride conductance causes an increase in?
sodium and water retention
S/S of cystic fibrosis
increased thickening secretions and pancreatic enzymes that don’t reach intestine
Treat CF with
pancreatic enzymes
