clinical correlations

Question 1

Steatorrhea is ?

Answer 1

lipid malabsorption

Question 2

In what disease process would you see increased lipids, essential fatty acids, and vitamins A D E K in feces

Answer 2

Steatorrhea

Question 3

Treatment of Steatorrhea would be>

Answer 3

supplementation of short less than 6 carbon and medium 6-12 chain fatty acids

those type of FA don’t require micelle formation to absorb

Question 4

NASH is

Answer 4

non alcoholic Steatorrhea hepatitis

fat build up killing liver

Question 5

Ketoacidosis results when ?

Answer 5

the rate of formation of ketone bodies is higher than the rate of use

Question 6

Ketoacidosis occurs in DM type 1 because excessive formation of ketone bodies forces___ ___ into ketone body pathway.

Answer 6

acetyl CoA

Question 7

In ketoacidosis the ketone body has a low pH causing what?

Answer 7

loses hydrogen to plasma, lowers physiological PH, results in metabolic acidosis

Question 8

Dehydration results from ketoacidosis because

Answer 8

excretion of excretion of glucose and ketone bodies in the urine.
water follows the ketone bodies and sugar

Question 9

Mom with a premature baby. Give what before delivery to do what?

surfactant

Answer 9

glucocorticoids to speed lung maturation

Question 10

Toxins, venoms, and pathogenic bacteria have______activity and may dissolve_____ and spread______

Answer 10

phospholipase
membranes
infection

Question 11

An accumulation of glycosphingolipids would result from a

Answer 11

genetic issue such as tay-sachs from deficient enzymes

Question 12

• accumulation of gangliosides
• rapid progressive fatal neurodegeneration
• blindness
• cherry red macula
• muscular weakness
• seizures

Answer 12

tay -sachs

Question 13

a neurotoxic medical emergency that would have the S/S of tremors, slurred speech, somnolence, blurred vision, coma, death would be caused by

6

Answer 13

hyperammonemia

Question 14

what would the cause of hyperammonemia be?

Answer 14

ammonia formation exceeds urea cycle capacity due to declining liver function related to hepatic disease that results in deficient urea cycle enzymes

Question 15

high homocysteine levels from methionine metabolism would result in

Answer 15

neural tube defect

Question 16

elevated homocysteine levels from methionine metabolism is related to atherosclerosis why?

Answer 16

foam cells

elevated homocysteine promotes oxidative damage, inflammation, and endothelial damage

Question 17

what supplement would you give to lower homocysteine?

Answer 17

folate

Question 18

PKU (phenylketonuria) causes what and newborns

Answer 18

mental retardation

Question 19

How do you treat PKU?

Answer 19

foods low in phenylalanine

give tyrosine

Question 20

What’s the biochemical problem with PKU

Answer 20

don’t have the enzymes to covert phenylalanine to tyrosine, phenylpyruvate(toxic) builds up

Question 21

name the issue caused by a defect in tyrosine metabolism

Answer 21

albinism-deficiency in melanin

Question 22

name the catecholamines derived from tyrosine

4

Answer 22

tyrosine 
dopa
dopamine 
norepi 
epi

Question 23

histamine is formed from ______by what process?

Answer 23

histidine

decarboxylation

Question 24

Serotonin is made from

Answer 24

tryptophan

Question 25

serotonin is a NT that causes _____,______ and ______.

Answer 25

vasoconstriction
smooth muscle contraction
platelet aggregation

Question 26

GABA is produced from glutamate by ?

Answer 26

glutamate decarboxylase

Question 27

Arginine is synthesized to ____by being catalyzed by NO synthase.

Answer 27

NO

NO synthase

Question 28

an autosomal recessive disease that causes mutation of Chloride channel

Answer 28

cystic fibrosis

Question 29

In cystic fibrosis chloride conductance is ______

Answer 29

decreased

Question 30

In cystic fibrosis decreased chloride conductance causes an increase in?

Answer 30

sodium and water retention

Question 31

S/S of cystic fibrosis

Answer 31

increased thickening secretions and pancreatic enzymes that don’t reach intestine

Question 32

Treat CF with

Answer 32

pancreatic enzymes