clinical correlations 2 Flashcards
What body type has issues with airway?
apple
phosphaphatidylinositol plays what role in the signaling cascade?
cleaved by phospholipase C resulting in IP3 and DAG ,
calcium
glucocorticoids upregulate lipocortins that inhibit ?
phospholipase A2
PGF2 is responsible for
uterine contraction
PGI2 is responsible for
prostacyclin
vasodilation inhibits platelet aggregation pain sensitization gastric cryoprotection PDA
PGE2
pain sensitization
PGD2
bronchoconstriction
TXA2
platelet aggregation
bronchoconstriction
vasoconstriction
LTD4
bronchoconstriction
Fish oil does what ?
lowers VLDL
Fish oil contains
omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
hold fish oil for how long before surgery?
10-14 days
in Keto acidosis glucagon is elevated and insulin is decreased. What four things does this lead to?
lipolysis
free fatty acids in plasma
hepatic output of ketone bodies
ketoacidosis
HDL cholesterol is our friend. Why?
retrieve cholesterol from cells and tissues,
decrease foam cells in intima
inhibitors of HMG coa reductase?
statins
blocks cholesterol absorption
ezetimibe
bile resins
cholestyramine
blocks bile reabsorption, have to scavenge cholesterol to make more
blocks cholesterol from binding to VLDL
niacin
What are the 4 main tissues in communication via hormones for regulation of metabolism
liver
adipose
muscle
brain
Insulin binds to what receptor
tyrosine kinase receptor
when insulin binds causing phosphorylation what happens?
5
glucose uptake (mobilizing transporters) glycogen synthesis protein synthesis fat synthesis altered gene expression (enzymes)
when insulin binds causing phosphorylation what catabolic processes are stopped
4
inhibits gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis lipolysis ketogenesis
glucagon and epinephrine increase what four catabolic processes
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
lipolysis
ketogenesis
insulin secretion is decreased in pancreas during hypoglycemia by what mechanism?
epi binding to A2
Hypoglycemia at blood glucose level of 50 causes
6
headache confusion slurred speech seizures coma death
Hypoglycemia at blood glucose level of 55 causes
anxiety
palpitation
tremor
sweating
Cholelithiasis is caused by
a bile salt deficiency
Fatty liver (steatosis) is an imbalance of ?
TAG synthesis to secretion of VLDL
familial hypercholesterolemia results from
deficiency in LDL receptors
metabolism of LDL
liver cholesterol level low
increase expression of LDL receptors
increased removal of LDL from plasma
Tell me WTF a mother fuckn foam cells is
- macrophages scavenge chemically modified LDLs(oxidized lipid or apo B)
- macrophages pile up causing atherosclerosis
- create foam cells
- located under endothelium lining
- cause damage to vessel
HDL help foam cells problems how?
retrieve cholesterol from cells and tissues
enzyme deficiency related to steroid synthesizing enzymes could result in
congenital adrenal hyperplasis
congenital adrenal hyperplasis would cause?
inability to respond to stress response
cv collapse
11B hydroxylase deficiency exaggerated by what drug
etomidate
Chronic steroid use would cause?
In regards to hormones
HP axis
blunted
cant respond to stress response
blunted HP axis give what?
glucocorticoids
