lipids 2, digestion of lipids Flashcards
The end product of de novo synthesis is ?
palmitic acid
Unsaturated fats have a _____melting point and a ________chain
lower
shorter
unsaturated are liquid or solid at room temp?
liquid
What is the problem with trans fat?
humans don’t have enzymes to digest
In nature most unsaturated lipids exist in the _____configuration
Cis
Partial hydrogenation is the process of adding _____ to cis unsaturated fatty acids
H atoms
90% of dietary lipids are TAGs. What is the other 10% 4 things
cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, free fatty acids
Digestion of lipids begins in the ____by ____ ___ ____
stomach
acid stable lipase
Digestion of lipids is accomplished by ________ in the duodenum via ______, by the use of the _____ properties of _____ ______.
Digestion of lipids is accomplished by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the duodenum via \_\_\_\_\_\_, by the use of the \_\_\_\_\_ properties of \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_. Emulsification peristalsis detergent bile salts
Bile salts are made where and are derivates of what?
made in liver stored in gallbladder
cholesterol
_____ and ______ degrade dietary lipids
bile salts
pancreatic enzymes
Cholecystokinin is released from where and does what in regards to enzyme & bile release and gastric motility
- released from small intestine
- increases bile and pancreatic enzyme release
- decreases gastric motility
secretion is released where and does what two things
small intestine
- increases bicarb release in the gut
- increases ph to optimize digestive enzymes
Why does Cholecystokinin slow down gastric motility?
in takes a long time to digest lipids
What are the 3 products of the digestion of lipids?
fatty acids
cholesterol
monoacylglycerol
Short and medium chain fatty acids readily absorb without and micelle T/F?
True
Digestion of lipids form a ____ ____
mixed micelle
What is a mixed micelle?
Disk shaped clusters of amphipathic lipids with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior
Tags and cholesteryl esters are resynthesized in the ER and packaged as_____
chylomicrons
Where are micelle disk absorbed?
Where are micelle disk absorbed?
enterocytes or mucosal cells of intestine
What type of fat cells contain the most TAGS
chylomicrons
Chylomicrons are secreted into ____
lymph
lipid droplets surrounded by phospholipids and apolipoprotein are
chylomicrons
the apolipoprotein on a chylomicrons do what?
has a ligand that it attaches to, enzymes that help transport it and tell it where to go
-protect it also
The reason we avoid putting subclavian lines on the left side is?
-chylomicrons travel in the lymphatic system and enter thoracic duct then left subclavian vein
TAGS are degraded to _____ and ______ by
free fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase
tags are degraded to free fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase where
capillaries of SKM and adipose primarily but also heart, lung, kidney and liver
free fatty acids can directly enter what tissues?
or travel in?
muscles and adipocytes
in plasma via albumin
most cells that have a mitochondria and nucleus can
oxidize fatty acids to produce energy
Glycerol is used by the_____to produce____
liver
glycerol 3 phosphate
Remnants of chylomicrons are endocytosed by the liver for use of? _____ ______
vitamins and phospholipids
where are chylomicrons synthesized
intestine
