Stomach-Intestines

Question 1

Most common lesion seen with mycotic gastritis

Answer 1

Thrombosis and hemorrhagic infarctions, with areas of mucosal necrosis surrounded by a hyperemic ring

Question 2

Most common cause of mycotic gastritis

Answer 2

Zygomycetes, such as Rhizopus, Mucor, or Absidia

Question 3

What do zygomycetes look like?

Answer 3

Broad and nonseptate hyphae

Question 4

Two causes of parasitic gastritis in the dog; lesions with each

Answer 4

1. Physaloptera- focal ulceration
2. Gnathostoma- submucosal cysts with supportive exudate and worms

Question 5

Four causes of parasitic gastritis in cats

Answer 5

Physaloptera
Gnathostoma
Cylicospirura felineus
Ollulanus tricuspis

Question 6

Causes of parasitic gastritis in the horse; features

Answer 6

1. Draschia megastoma- inflammatory nodules in submucosa along MP
2. Habronema muscae and majus- on mucosa
3. Trichostrongylus axei- chronic gastritis

Question 7

Cause of parasitic gastritis in swine

Answer 7

Spirurids- Ascarops, Physocephalus, Simondsia, mild gastritis if heavy infection
Gnathostoma- cysts
Ollulanus tricuspis
Hyostrongylus rubidus

Question 8

Large abomasal blood-sucking trichostrongyles (2)

Answer 8

Haemonchus
Mecistocirrus

Question 9

Syndrome in dogs following spinal trauma

Answer 9

Gastric hemorrhage
Pancreatitis
Colonic ulceration and perforation

Question 10

Viruses associated with abomasal ulcers

Answer 10

BVDV
MCF

Question 11

Other causes of abomasal ulcers

Answer 11

Roughage consumption
Mineral deficiency
C. perfringens

Question 12

Where do you find gastric ulcers in the pig?

Answer 12

Pars esophagea

Question 13

Most significant predisposing factor in pigs with gastric ulcers; other factor?

Answer 13

finely ground rations; fluid stomach contents

Question 14

Where do gastric ulcers occur in the horse?

Answer 14

Adjacent to the margo plicatus, in the non-glandular portion

Question 15

Viral agents that attack enterocytes (villi) of small intestine; other organisms?

Answer 15

Coronavirus, rotavirus; coccidia

Question 16

Viral agents that attack crypts of small intestine

Answer 16

Parvovirus, BVDV

Question 17

Viral agents that attack glands of large intestine; other organisms?

Answer 17

bovine and canine coronavirus; coccidia

Question 18

Who gets a gluten-sensitive enteropathy?

Answer 18

Irish Setter dogs

Question 19

Who gets cobalamin malabsorption due to lack of mucosal microvillar hydrolases?

Answer 19

Beagles, Aussies, Chinese Shar-Peis, Giant Schnauzers, Border collies

Question 20

What are the most important causes of a secretory diarrhea? Mechanism?

Answer 20

Bacterial enterotoxins produced by Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli; Toxin- stimulated cAMP shuts down sodium chloride cotransport

Question 21

What random molecules are diarrheagenic?

Answer 21

Calcitonin from thyroid tumors
Serotonin
Bradykanin or substance P from carcinoids
Histamine from mast cell tumor
Gastrin from gastrinomas

Question 22

Parasite causing inappetence in Abomasum? small intestine? large bowel?

Answer 22

Abomasum- Ostertagia
Small intestine- Trichostrongylus
Large bowel- Oesophagostomum

Question 23

Parasites causing plasma protein loss?

Answer 23

Haemonchus, Ancylostoma, Bunostomum (blood-sucking nematodes)
Oesophagostomum, Chabertia, Strongylus (cause mucosal trauma and hemorrhage)

Question 24

Two main routes plasma protein loss (organs)

Answer 24

Glomerular disease (usually amyloidosis)
Gastrointestinal

Question 25

Who gets congenital colonic aganglionosis? Pathogenesis?

Answer 25

Overo white foals; LOF mutation of the endothelin receptor type B gene