Fungi and miscellaneous

Question 1

Histoplasma capsulatum is a _____________; When does histoplasma capsulatum cause GI disease?

Answer 1

Dimorhic intracellular fungus; Usually granulomatous pneumonia, spreads to GI if systemic

Question 2

Key histo with histoplasma

Answer 2

Oval yeast with basophilic center and clear halo

Question 3

Histoplasma virulence factors

Answer 3

Melanin
Surface polysaccharides
Inhibit phagosome acidification

Question 4

Three presentations of eosinophilic granulomas in cats

Answer 4

1. Eosinophilic granuloma (linear)
2. Eosinophilic plaque- pruritic, no flame figures
3. Indolent ulcer *** classic gross

Question 5

Who gets chronic eosinophilic enteritis? Often part of what syndrome?

Answer 5

Horses; Multisystemic epitheliotropic syndrome

Question 6

Other lesions associated with multisystemic epitheliotropic disease in horses?

Answer 6

Eosinophilic granulomatous pancreatitis and eosinophilic dermatitis

Question 7

Key gross with hypertrophic gastritis

Answer 7

Thickened rugal folds

Question 8

Key histo with hypertrophic gastritis

Answer 8

Epithelial hyperplasia with parietal cell loss and replacement by mucus cells, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation

Question 9

Who is affected by mucoid enteropathy; presentation?

Answer 9

Rabbits, weanlings; gastric bloat, mucus discharge, cecal impaction

Question 10

Key histo with mucoid enteropathy

Answer 10

Goblet cell hyperplasia in ileum and colon, luminal mucin, no inflammation

Question 11

What layer is primarily affected by emphysema intestinalis? In who?

Answer 11

Submucosa, gas filled lymphatics; In pigs, rabbits, manatees, turtles, lemurs

Question 12

What is the suspected cause of Theilers disease? Classic gross?

Answer 12

Equine parvovirus (EqPV-H); Dish rag liver

Question 13

Key histo with Theiler’s Disease

Answer 13

Hepatocyte loss and stromal collapse (no inflammation)

Question 14

Key histo with lymphocytic cholangiohepatitis

Answer 14

Lymphocytic portal inflammation, ductular reaction, fibrosis
Periportal inflammation- piecemeal necrosis

Question 15

Where does tissue mineralization occur in renal failure? At what concentration

Answer 15

Intercostal, middle/deep gastric mucosa (vessels, BMs); CaxP>70

Question 16

Clin path findings with uremic gastropathy

Answer 16

Hyperphosphatemia, increased PTH, anemia, and azotemia

Question 17

Key histo with uremic gastropathy

Answer 17

Mineralization, necrotizing colitis, glossitis, gastric ulceration

Question 18

Effects of vitamin A deficiency

Answer 18

Impaired immunity
Photoreceptor atrophy
Odontodystrophy
Defective bone remodeling
Teratogenic

Question 19

Key histo with vitamin A deficiency

Answer 19

Squamous metaplasia of mucous membranes and glands

Question 20

Syndromes associated with vitamin E/selenium imbalance

Answer 20

Hepatosis dietetica
Yellow fat disease
White muscle disease
Mulberry heart disease
Exudative diathesis (serous effusions)
Brown dog gut (intestinal ceroidosis)
Avian encephalomal.

Question 21

Key histo with hepatosis dietetica

Answer 21

Acute centrilobular to massive hepatic necrosis, fibrinoid arteriolar necrosis, cardiac necrosis

Question 22

Predisposed animals to hepatic lipidosis

Answer 22

Shetland ponies (VLDL) with insulin resistance due to increased lipolysis
Rabbits with gastric trichobezoars
Watanabe rabbits

Question 23

What is hepatic lipidosis associated with in small ruminants?

Answer 23

Vitamin B12 and cobalt deficiency

Question 24

Who gets necrotizing sialometaplasia; which gland is affected

Answer 24

Small breed terriers and cats; mandibular salivary gland

Question 25

Key histo with necrotizing sialometaplasia

Answer 25

Coagulative necrosis, ductal hyperplasia, vascular thrombosis

Question 26

Which types of shunts are more common in large breed dogs? small breed dogs?

Answer 26

Intrahepatic; extrahepatic

Question 27

Difference between portosystemic shunt and other vascular anomalies

Answer 27

No portal hypertension or ascites

Question 28

Key histo with portosystemic shunt

Answer 28

Hepatic hypoplasia, absent portal veins, arteriole reduplication, lipidosis, lipogranulomas

Question 28

Predisposed animals to acute pancreatic necrosis

Answer 28

Cocker spaniels, obese animals, females

Question 29

What are the sequela to acute pancreatic necrosis

Answer 29

EPI and DM

Question 30

Pathogenesis of acute pancreatic necrosis

Answer 30

Lysosyme and zymogen granules fuse-->increased Ca-->trypsin activation-->autodigestion-->necrosis

Question 31

Who gets congenital/idiopathic lymphangiectasia? What are the two other parts of the syndrome in the lundehund?

Answer 31

Yorkies, Norwegian Lundehund; PLE and IBD

Question 32

Clin path findings with lymphangiectasia

Answer 32

Panhypoproteinemia, lymphopenia, hypocalcemia, and hypocholesterolemia

Question 33

Key histo with lymphangiectasia

Answer 33

Lacteal dilation and lipogranulomas

Question 34

Key histo with chronic-active hepatitis

Answer 34

Hepatocellular necrosis, degeneration, regeneration, fibrosis, mixed inflammation, piecemeal necrosis

Question 35

Who gets sialocele? Where?

Answer 35

GSD and poodles; sublingual gland, then zygomatic, then parotid

Question 36

Key histo with sialocele

Answer 36

Pseudocyst (wall of granulation tissue)

Question 37

A cat with a mass at the pylorus or ileocecocolic junction likely has; key histo

Answer 37

Eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia; Coarse collagen trabeculae, large spindle cells, eosinophilic inflammation

Question 38

Who gets hemochromatosis

Answer 38

Salers cattle and Mynah birds

Question 39

Clin path findings with hemochromatosis

Answer 39

Hyperferremia, hemolysis

Question 40

Stains for hemochromatosis; key histo

Answer 40

Prussian blue and Perl's; fibrosis, hemosiderin laden macrophages, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, nodular regeneration

Question 41

Who gets FEPLOs most? Where do FEPLOs occur?

Answer 41

Boxers; Rostral maxilla and caudal mandible

Question 42

Key histo with FEPLOs

Answer 42

Odontogenic mesenchyme (periodontal ligament-like stroma with kite-shaped stellate mesenchymal cells) +/- cemento-osseous matrix and odontogenic epithelium