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Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What type of life cycle does Entamoeba have? Life cycle?

A

Direct; Ingest cyst, trophozoites excyst and attach to enterocytes via Gal/GalNAc-specific lectin, trogocytosis of epithelial cells, release amoebapores, causing cell death, trophozoites replicate, passed as cysts. Trophozoites can also disseminate to brain, liver, etc.

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2
Q

Who is affected by E. invadens? Who is resistent (reservoirs)

A

Snakes and lizards; turtles, crocodiles

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3
Q

Key histo with Entamoeba

A

Necrohemorrhagic and ulcerative colitis with trophozoites that have a nucleus and karyosome

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4
Q

What type of organism is Hepatocystis kochi? Who is affected?

A

Apicomplexan hemoprotozoan (malaria-like); primates

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5
Q

Where does sexual reproduction occur with hepatocystis kochi? Asexual reproduction?

A

Erythrocytes; liver

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6
Q

What kind of life cycle does Hepatocystis kochi have?

A

Indirect- vector is Culicoides

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7
Q

Key histo with hepatocystis kochi

A

Characteristic merocysts with merozoites in the liver

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8
Q

What kind of organism is histomonas meleagridis; who is affected?

A

Amoebic protozoan; turkey poults

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9
Q

What kind of life cycle does histomonas have?

A

Indirect- cecal worm Heterakis gallinarum is the intermediate host, the earthworm is a paratenic host

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10
Q

Pathognomonic lesions with histomonas meleagridis

A

Necrotizing typhlitis and target-like hepatic lesions

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11
Q

Key histo with histomonas

A

trophozoites with dark nuclei, fibrinonecrotic typhlitis, hepatic necrosis and granulomas

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12
Q

What kind of organism is cryptosporidium

A

Apicomplexan protozoan

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13
Q

Who gets a respiratory infection from crypto?

A

Birds only

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14
Q

Key histo with crypto

A

Mucous neck cell metaplasia or hyperplasia, granular cell loss, edema, inflammation/necrosis, protozoa adhered to apical surface of epithelium

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15
Q

What type of organism is spironucleus muris? WHo is affected? Type of life cycle?

A

Flagellate protozoan; Young/immunosuppressed rodents; direct

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16
Q

Key histo with spironucleus muris

A

Pear-shaped trophozoites in duodenum/cecum crypts

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17
Q

What type of organism is draschia megastoma? Type of life cycle? Who is affected and where?

A

Spirurid nematode; Indirect- flies IH; horses, brood pouches near margo plicatus

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18
Q

Key histo with draschia megastoma

A

Stomach glandular submucosal granulomatous/eosinophilic inflammation with central necrosis, nemotode with eosinophilic material in pseudocoelom

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19
Q

What kind of organism is prosthenorcis elegans; who is affected?

A

Acanthocephalid; NWMs

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20
Q

Key histo with prosthenorchis elegans; pathognomonic finding

A

Ulcers and pyogranulomas at attachment site, proboscis with hooks, thick hypodermis (two layer- felted and cross fiber with lacunar channels), no GI tract, pseudocoelom, lemnisci with compressor muscles; adults attached to mucosa of ileum/cecum/colon

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21
Q

What type of organism is spirocerca lupi? Type of life cycle? Who is affected?

A

Spirurid nematode; indirect life cycle- dung beetle IH, insectivorous paratenic host; carnivores

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22
Q

What lesions are associated with spirocerca lupi?

A

Hypertrophic osteopathy, mesenchymal neoplasia, spondylosis

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23
Q

Spirocerca key histo?

A

Aortic and esophageal granulomas, nemotode with eosinophilic coelomic fluid

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24
Q

What type of organism is heterakis isolonche? Who is affected? Type of life cycle?

A

Ascarid nematode; pheasant cecum; direct lifecycle

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25
Key histo with heterakis isolonche
Proliferative fibrous nodules, granulomas around dead parasites, ascarid nematodes- lateral alae, poly/coelo, pseudocoelom, GI and repro tract, lateral cords, cuticle
26
What type of organism is oxyuris equi? Where do they affect? What is the primate one?
Nematode (pinworm); Colon, cecum, anus; Enterobius spp.
27
Key histo of oxyuris
Rhabditiform esophagus (corpus, isthmus, and bulb)
28
What kind of organism is Ostertagia ostertagi? Lifecycle?
Trichostrongyle nematode; Direct
29
Two syndromes caused by ostertagia in cattle
Type I, Summer: Maturation of numerous adult worms, after ingesting infected larvae; chronic gastritis Type II, Winter: Emergence and maturation of hypobiotic larvae; acute gastritis
30
Clin path findings with ostertagia
Achlorhydria, hypoproteinemia, hypergatrinemia
31
Gross finding with ostertagia
Moroccan leather appearance of abomasum
32
The stomach worm of sheep/goats is
Teladorsagia circumcincta (trichostrongyle)
33
Key histo of ostertagia/teladorsagia
Mucus neck cell hyperplasia/metaplasia (decreased parietal cells), trichostrongyles- cuticle with longitudinal cuticular ridges, platy/mero, lateral cords, GI, thin shelled eggs with morula
34
What is the stomach worm of NHPs?
Nochtia nochti (trichostrongyle)
35
Nochtia nochti lifecycle? Key histo?
Direct; Hyperplastic/hypertrophic gastric nodules, mucus metaplasia/hyperplasia, parasite embedded in glands, not in lumen Evenly spaced longitudinal cuticular ridges that flare over lateral cords
36
What type of organism is tetrameres americana? Type of lifecycle?
Spirurid nematode; indirect- insect or water crustacean IH
37
Who gets tetrameres? Gross lesion?
Aquatic birds; red nodules in proventricular glands
38
Key histo with tetrameres
Proventriculus gland ectasia and inflammation with spirurid nematodes in glands
39
What organism is Molineus torulosis? Lifecycle? Affect?
Trichostrongyle nematode; direct; infect upper GI and pancreas of NHPs, may be asymptomatic
40
Gross lesion with molineus torulosis
Serosal nodules, hemorrhagic or nodular ulcerative enteritis with trichostrongyles
41
What type of organism is Strongyloides? Life cycle?
Rhabditid nematode; Direct
42
Weird thing about Strongyloides
Males are free-living in soil, only females are parasitic or parthenogenic
43
Key histo with Strongyloides
Parasite within mucosa and crypts, larvae have rhabditid esophagus, female adult rhabditid (smooth cuticle, platy/mero, esophagus, ovaries, GI tract), villar atrophy, enterocolitis, crypt hyperplasia
44
What type of organism is Rodentolepis nana? Type of life cycle? Where do the cysticerci live? Adults?
Cestode (tapeworm); Direct or arthropod IH; in lamina propria; in lumen of small intestine
45
What type of organism is Athesmia foxi? Life cycle? Where do they live?
Dicrocoeliidae trematode (fluke); Indirect- Mollusk IH; lives in bile ducts of NWMs
46
Key histo with Athesmia foxi
Trematode (fluke)- tegument, outer and inner muscular layers, spongy parenchyma, suckers, paried ceca, vitellaria, thick yellow-brown eggs
47
What type of organism is Schistosoma mansoni? Life cycle? Where do they live?
Trematode (fluke); Indirect- snail IH; Adults in mesenteric/portal vessels in permanent copula
48
Clin path findings with schistosomiasis
Anemia and hypercalcemia
49
Key histo with schistosomiasis
Vascular intimal proliferation/thrombosis, eosinophilic/granulomatous enteritis and around eggs in organs, periportal fibrosis
50
What type of organism is Capillaria spp.; affect whom?
Aphasmid nematode; Wild rodents (c. hepatica, only adult nematode in liver) or birds (embed in upper Gi)
51
Key histo with Capillaria
Aphasmids- stichosome esophagus, bacillary bands, bioperculate thick shelled eggs, no lateral cords, poly/coelo
52
What kind of organism is Cysticercus fasciolaris; life cycle?
Cestode (tapeworm) larva of cat tapeworm Taenia taeniaeformis; Cats DH, rodents IH
53
Other gross lesion found in rats infected with cysticercus?
Fibrosarcomas in liver
54
Key histo for cysticercus
Liver strobilicerci (evaginated scolex attached to cyst wall, no GI/repro/body cavity, spongy parenchyma, thick tegument, muscle, and calcareous corpuscles)
55
What type of organism is Fascioloides magna; lifecycle with types of hosts; where does it live?
Trematode, large liver fluke; indirect- cervids DH, sheep/goat aberrant host, bovine dead end host, snail IH; lives in hepatic parenchyma
56
Key histo with F. magna
Granulomas around thick, operculated, yellow-brown eggs, black fluke pigment (iron-porphyrin)
57
What type of organism are cyathostomes? Where do they live? Incidental finding?
Small strongyles; in large intestine of horse; hemomelasma ilei
58
What type of organism is Ollulanus tricuspis? Life cycle? location?
Trichostrongyle nematode; direct; cat/swine stomach
59
Key histo with Ollulanus
Trichostrongyles in gastric glands, increased lymphoid follicles, gastric fibrosis, increased globule leukocytes, mucus metaplasia
60
What type of organism is trichospirura leptostoma? Life cycle? Where?
Spirurid nematode; Indirect- cockroach IH; Pancreatic ducts of NWMs
61
What type of organisms are dicrocoelium dendriticum and playtnosum fastosum? Life cycle? Where?
Dicrocoeliidae trematode (fluke); Indirect- two IHs (snail and ant/lizard/arthropod/gecko); in biliary and pancreatic ducts of many species (platynosum only in cats)
62
WHat type of organism is Echinococcus? Life cycle? Where?
Cestode (tapeworm); Indirect- canid DH, many aberrant IHs; cysts in liver/lung
63
IH of E. multilocularis vs. E. granulosis
E. multilocularis- rodent IH E. granulosis- sheep IH
64
Key histo of echinococcus
Cysts lined by germinal epithelium and lamellar membrane, budding brood capsules with invaginated protoscolices containing hooklets and calcareous corpuscles
65
What type of organism is Oesophagostomum; life cycle? Location?
True strongyle nematode; Direct; Colonic submucosal nodules in OWMs
66
What stage does the lesion represent in oesophagostomum?
Encysted 4th stage larvae
67
Key histo with oesophagostomum?
Granulomas with true strongyles- platy/mero, low lateral cords, triradiate esophagus, pseudocoelom, large intestine, repro tract

Systemics- GI (8 decks)

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