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Systemics- GI > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What type of life cycle does Entamoeba have? Life cycle?

A

Direct; Ingest cyst, trophozoites excyst and attach to enterocytes via Gal/GalNAc-specific lectin, trogocytosis of epithelial cells, release amoebapores, causing cell death, trophozoites replicate, passed as cysts. Trophozoites can also disseminate to brain, liver, etc.

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2
Q

Who is affected by E. invadens? Who is resistent (reservoirs)

A

Snakes and lizards; turtles, crocodiles

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3
Q

Key histo with Entamoeba

A

Necrohemorrhagic and ulcerative colitis with trophozoites that have a nucleus and karyosome

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4
Q

What type of organism is Hepatocystis kochi? Who is affected?

A

Apicomplexan hemoprotozoan (malaria-like); primates

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5
Q

Where does sexual reproduction occur with hepatocystis kochi? Asexual reproduction?

A

Erythrocytes; liver

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6
Q

What kind of life cycle does Hepatocystis kochi have?

A

Indirect- vector is Culicoides

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7
Q

Key histo with hepatocystis kochi

A

Characteristic merocysts with merozoites in the liver

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8
Q

What kind of organism is histomonas meleagridis; who is affected?

A

Amoebic protozoan; turkey poults

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9
Q

What kind of life cycle does histomonas have?

A

Indirect- cecal worm Heterakis gallinarum is the intermediate host, the earthworm is a paratenic host

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10
Q

Pathognomonic lesions with histomonas meleagridis

A

Necrotizing typhlitis and target-like hepatic lesions

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11
Q

Key histo with histomonas

A

trophozoites with dark nuclei, fibrinonecrotic typhlitis, hepatic necrosis and granulomas

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12
Q

What kind of organism is cryptosporidium

A

Apicomplexan protozoan

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13
Q

Who gets a respiratory infection from crypto?

A

Birds only

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14
Q

Key histo with crypto

A

Mucous neck cell metaplasia or hyperplasia, granular cell loss, edema, inflammation/necrosis, protozoa adhered to apical surface of epithelium

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15
Q

What type of organism is spironucleus muris? WHo is affected? Type of life cycle?

A

Flagellate protozoan; Young/immunosuppressed rodents; direct

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16
Q

Key histo with spironucleus muris

A

Pear-shaped trophozoites in duodenum/cecum crypts

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17
Q

What type of organism is draschia megastoma? Type of life cycle? Who is affected and where?

A

Spirurid nematode; Indirect- flies IH; horses, brood pouches near margo plicatus

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18
Q

Key histo with draschia megastoma

A

Stomach glandular submucosal granulomatous/eosinophilic inflammation with central necrosis, nemotode with eosinophilic material in pseudocoelom

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19
Q

What kind of organism is prosthenorcis elegans; who is affected?

A

Acanthocephalid; NWMs

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20
Q

Key histo with prosthenorchis elegans; pathognomonic finding

A

Ulcers and pyogranulomas at attachment site, proboscis with hooks, thick hypodermis (two layer- felted and cross fiber with lacunar channels), no GI tract, pseudocoelom, lemnisci with compressor muscles; adults attached to mucosa of ileum/cecum/colon

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21
Q

What type of organism is spirocerca lupi? Type of life cycle? Who is affected?

A

Spirurid nematode; indirect life cycle- dung beetle IH, insectivorous paratenic host; carnivores

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22
Q

What lesions are associated with spirocerca lupi?

A

Hypertrophic osteopathy, mesenchymal neoplasia, spondylosis

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23
Q

Spirocerca key histo?

A

Aortic and esophageal granulomas, nemotode with eosinophilic coelomic fluid

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24
Q

What type of organism is heterakis isolonche? Who is affected? Type of life cycle?

A

Ascarid nematode; pheasant cecum; direct lifecycle

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25
Q

Key histo with heterakis isolonche

A

Proliferative fibrous nodules, granulomas around dead parasites, ascarid nematodes- lateral alae, poly/coelo, pseudocoelom, GI and repro tract, lateral cords, cuticle

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26
Q

What type of organism is oxyuris equi? Where do they affect? What is the primate one?

A

Nematode (pinworm); Colon, cecum, anus; Enterobius spp.

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27
Q

Key histo of oxyuris

A

Rhabditiform esophagus (corpus, isthmus, and bulb)

28
Q

What kind of organism is Ostertagia ostertagi? Lifecycle?

A

Trichostrongyle nematode; Direct

29
Q

Two syndromes caused by ostertagia in cattle

A

Type I, Summer: Maturation of numerous adult worms, after ingesting infected larvae; chronic gastritis
Type II, Winter: Emergence and maturation of hypobiotic larvae; acute gastritis

30
Q

Clin path findings with ostertagia

A

Achlorhydria, hypoproteinemia, hypergatrinemia

31
Q

Gross finding with ostertagia

A

Moroccan leather appearance of abomasum

32
Q

The stomach worm of sheep/goats is

A

Teladorsagia circumcincta (trichostrongyle)

33
Q

Key histo of ostertagia/teladorsagia

A

Mucus neck cell hyperplasia/metaplasia (decreased parietal cells), trichostrongyles- cuticle with longitudinal cuticular ridges, platy/mero, lateral cords, GI, thin shelled eggs with morula

34
Q

What is the stomach worm of NHPs?

A

Nochtia nochti (trichostrongyle)

35
Q

Nochtia nochti lifecycle? Key histo?

A

Direct; Hyperplastic/hypertrophic gastric nodules, mucus metaplasia/hyperplasia, parasite embedded in glands, not in lumen
Evenly spaced longitudinal cuticular ridges that flare over lateral cords

36
Q

What type of organism is tetrameres americana? Type of lifecycle?

A

Spirurid nematode; indirect- insect or water crustacean IH

37
Q

Who gets tetrameres? Gross lesion?

A

Aquatic birds; red nodules in proventricular glands

38
Q

Key histo with tetrameres

A

Proventriculus gland ectasia and inflammation with spirurid nematodes in glands

39
Q

What organism is Molineus torulosis? Lifecycle? Affect?

A

Trichostrongyle nematode; direct; infect upper GI and pancreas of NHPs, may be asymptomatic

40
Q

Gross lesion with molineus torulosis

A

Serosal nodules, hemorrhagic or nodular ulcerative enteritis with trichostrongyles

41
Q

What type of organism is Strongyloides? Life cycle?

A

Rhabditid nematode; Direct

42
Q

Weird thing about Strongyloides

A

Males are free-living in soil, only females are parasitic or parthenogenic

43
Q

Key histo with Strongyloides

A

Parasite within mucosa and crypts, larvae have rhabditid esophagus, female adult rhabditid (smooth cuticle, platy/mero, esophagus, ovaries, GI tract), villar atrophy, enterocolitis, crypt hyperplasia

44
Q

What type of organism is Rodentolepis nana? Type of life cycle? Where do the cysticerci live? Adults?

A

Cestode (tapeworm); Direct or arthropod IH; in lamina propria; in lumen of small intestine

45
Q

What type of organism is Athesmia foxi? Life cycle? Where do they live?

A

Dicrocoeliidae trematode (fluke); Indirect- Mollusk IH; lives in bile ducts of NWMs

46
Q

Key histo with Athesmia foxi

A

Trematode (fluke)- tegument, outer and inner muscular layers, spongy parenchyma, suckers, paried ceca, vitellaria, thick yellow-brown eggs

47
Q

What type of organism is Schistosoma mansoni? Life cycle? Where do they live?

A

Trematode (fluke); Indirect- snail IH; Adults in mesenteric/portal vessels in permanent copula

48
Q

Clin path findings with schistosomiasis

A

Anemia and hypercalcemia

49
Q

Key histo with schistosomiasis

A

Vascular intimal proliferation/thrombosis, eosinophilic/granulomatous enteritis and around eggs in organs, periportal fibrosis

50
Q

What type of organism is Capillaria spp.; affect whom?

A

Aphasmid nematode; Wild rodents (c. hepatica, only adult nematode in liver) or birds (embed in upper Gi)

51
Q

Key histo with Capillaria

A

Aphasmids- stichosome esophagus, bacillary bands, bioperculate thick shelled eggs, no lateral cords, poly/coelo

52
Q

What kind of organism is Cysticercus fasciolaris; life cycle?

A

Cestode (tapeworm) larva of cat tapeworm Taenia taeniaeformis; Cats DH, rodents IH

53
Q

Other gross lesion found in rats infected with cysticercus?

A

Fibrosarcomas in liver

54
Q

Key histo for cysticercus

A

Liver strobilicerci (evaginated scolex attached to cyst wall, no GI/repro/body cavity, spongy parenchyma, thick tegument, muscle, and calcareous corpuscles)

55
Q

What type of organism is Fascioloides magna; lifecycle with types of hosts; where does it live?

A

Trematode, large liver fluke; indirect- cervids DH, sheep/goat aberrant host, bovine dead end host, snail IH; lives in hepatic parenchyma

56
Q

Key histo with F. magna

A

Granulomas around thick, operculated, yellow-brown eggs, black fluke pigment (iron-porphyrin)

57
Q

What type of organism are cyathostomes? Where do they live? Incidental finding?

A

Small strongyles; in large intestine of horse; hemomelasma ilei

58
Q

What type of organism is Ollulanus tricuspis? Life cycle? location?

A

Trichostrongyle nematode; direct; cat/swine stomach

59
Q

Key histo with Ollulanus

A

Trichostrongyles in gastric glands, increased lymphoid follicles, gastric fibrosis, increased globule leukocytes, mucus metaplasia

60
Q

What type of organism is trichospirura leptostoma? Life cycle? Where?

A

Spirurid nematode; Indirect- cockroach IH; Pancreatic ducts of NWMs

61
Q

What type of organisms are dicrocoelium dendriticum and playtnosum fastosum? Life cycle? Where?

A

Dicrocoeliidae trematode (fluke); Indirect- two IHs (snail and ant/lizard/arthropod/gecko); in biliary and pancreatic ducts of many species (platynosum only in cats)

62
Q

WHat type of organism is Echinococcus? Life cycle? Where?

A

Cestode (tapeworm); Indirect- canid DH, many aberrant IHs; cysts in liver/lung

63
Q

IH of E. multilocularis vs. E. granulosis

A

E. multilocularis- rodent IH
E. granulosis- sheep IH

64
Q

Key histo of echinococcus

A

Cysts lined by germinal epithelium and lamellar membrane, budding brood capsules with invaginated protoscolices containing hooklets and calcareous corpuscles

65
Q

What type of organism is Oesophagostomum; life cycle? Location?

A

True strongyle nematode; Direct; Colonic submucosal nodules in OWMs

66
Q

What stage does the lesion represent in oesophagostomum?

A

Encysted 4th stage larvae

67
Q

Key histo with oesophagostomum?

A

Granulomas with true strongyles- platy/mero, low lateral cords, triradiate esophagus, pseudocoelom, large intestine, repro tract

Systemics- GI (8 decks)

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