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Systemics- GI > Oral Cavity-Abomasum > Flashcards

Oral Cavity-Abomasum Flashcards

1
Q

Most common malignant oral tumor in dogs

A

Melanoma

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2
Q

Most common malignant oral tumor in cats

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma locations in cats

A
  1. Ventral tongue
  2. Gingiva
  3. Tonsils
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4
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma locations in dogs

A
  1. Tonsils (more likely to met)
  2. Gingiva
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5
Q

Three broad categories of cleft palate causes

A

Hereditary
Drugs
Teratogenic plants

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6
Q

Who gets hereditary cleft palates?

A

Charolais (with arthrogryposis) and Herefords

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7
Q

Who gets hereditary cleft palates?

A

Charolais (with arthrogryposis) and Herefords

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8
Q

Cause of cleft palate in lambs

A

Veratrum californicum

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9
Q

Plants causing cleft palates in pigs; toxic substance?

A

Poison hemlock (conium maculatum)
Tree tobacco (nicotiana glauca)
Tobacco stalks (nicotiana tabacum)
;piperidine alkaloids

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10
Q

Plant causing cleft palate and arthogryposis in calves (crooked calf disease); toxic substance?

A

Lupines (lupinus formosus); ammodendrine (piperidine alkaloid)

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11
Q

Dog breeds (2) and cat breeds (2) that get palatoschisis

A

German boxer dogs and Pyrenees
Siamese and Abyssinian

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12
Q

Medication in cats and horses that cause palatoschisis

A

Griseofulvin

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13
Q

What is brachygnathia superior

A

Shortness of the maxillae

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14
Q

What is Brachygnathia inferior

A

Shortness of the mandibles

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15
Q

What is brachygnathia inferior associated with in calves?

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia

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16
Q

Merino sheep syndrome with brachygnathia- two other systems affected

A

Cardiomegaly
Renal hypoplasia

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17
Q

Transplacental infection with this virus is associated with brachygnathia in lambs and calves

A

Schmallenberg virus (orthobunyavirus)

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18
Q

What causes lack of enamel formation and a yellow color? Who gets it?

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta; cattle and Standard poodle dogs

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19
Q

Cause of pink teeth

A

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria

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20
Q

What causes yellow/brown teeth to fluoresce in UV light

A

Tetracycline antibiotics

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21
Q

Effect of vitamin A deficiency on teeth

A

Enamel hypoplasia
Hypomineralization
Vascularized dentin (osteodentin)
Failed eruption

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22
Q

Effect of calcium deficiency on teeth

A

Enamel hypoplasia
Mild dentin hypoplasia
Eruption slow
Inferior prognathia with recovery

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23
Q

Effect of phosphorus and vitamin d deficiency on teeth

A

Mild dentin hypoplasia

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24
Q

Sign of equine infectious anemia in the mouth

A

Petechiae on ventral tongue and frenulum

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25
Q

Which vesicular stomatitides initially cause vesicle formation? Which ones just cause erosions/ulcers?

A
  1. Foot and mouth, vesicular stomatitis
  2. Rinderpest, BVD, malignant catarrhal fever
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26
Q

Diagnostic features of pemphigus vulgaris

A

Suprabasilar clefts and bullae from acantholysis

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27
Q

Diagnostic feature of bullous pemphigoid

A

Subepithelial clefting without acantholysis

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28
Q

Which feline virus causes oral vesicles and ulcers; just ulcers?

A

Feline calicivirus (no inclusions); feline herpesvirus 1 (inclusions)

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29
Q

Cause of oral necrobacillosis; endotoxins produced

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum; leukocidins, hemolysins, cytoplasmic toxin

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30
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause?

A

Wooden tongue and regional lymphadenitis

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31
Q

What disease does Actinomyces bovis cause?

A

Osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw)

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32
Q

What virus replicates in the tonsils of swine?

A

Pseudorabies

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33
Q

Who gets diffuse gingival fibrous hyperplasia?

A

Boxer dogs

34
Q

What causes oral papillomas in dogs?

A

Canine papillomavirus 1

35
Q

What causes oral papillomas in cattle?

A

Bovine papillomavirus 4

36
Q

Where do ameloblastomas occur?

A

Mandible of dogs

37
Q

Most common odontogenic tumor of cattle

A

Ameloblastic fibroma

38
Q

What are oral SCC associated with in cattle?

A

oral papillomatosis and bracken fern ingestion

39
Q

What percentage of oral melanomas metastasize to regional LN?

A

70%

40
Q

Histologic feature of melanoma

A

Junctional activity

41
Q

Prognostic indicators for melanoma

A

Mitotic index, nuclear atypia, Ki67

42
Q

Common oral tumor in young dogs (3rd most common overall)

A

Fibrosarcoma; invasive and recurs

43
Q

What is the different between cutaneous mast cell tumor and oral MCT?

A

Oral MCT more likely to metastasize to LN

44
Q

Tumor on base of the tongue of older dogs

A

Granular cell tumor

45
Q

Cell of origin in granular cell tumor

A

Neuroectodermal precursor cells

46
Q

Ancillary diagnostic to perform for granular cell tumor

A

PAS positive

47
Q

Age related change in salivary glands

A

Oncocytic metaplasia of salivary duct epithelium

48
Q

What causes “slobbers” in cattle? What is the toxic principle?

A

Rhizoctonia leguminicola (mycotic infestation of legumes); produces slaframine (and swainsonine)

49
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Cystic distension of salivary duct

50
Q

What is a salivary mucocele or sialocele?

A

Accumulation of salivary secretions in a cavity, not lined by secretory epithelium

51
Q

Who gets necrotizing sialometaplasia?

A

Terrier dogs

52
Q

Three criteria for congenital duplication cysts

A
  1. located within esophageal wall
  2. lined by epithelium
  3. double muscle larer in the wall
53
Q

Cause of esophageal hyperkeratosis or hyperplasia of epithelium

A

Vitamin A deficiency
Chlorinated naphthalene toxicity

54
Q

Cause of esophageal parakeratosis in pigs

A

Zinc deficiency

55
Q

Causes of erosive/ulcerative esophagitis

A

BVD
Rinderpest
Bovine papular stomatitis
IBR
Feline calicivirus

56
Q

Histologic finding with chronic esophagitis

A

Columnar and mucus cell hyperplasia

57
Q

Vascular anomaly that affects the esophagus; predisoposed breeds

A

Persistent right 4th aortic arch; Irish setter, German shepherd, German Pinscher, Boston terrier

58
Q

Breeds predisposed to Congenital Idiopathic Megaesophagus

A

Great Danes, German shepherds, Irish setters

59
Q

What cat gets congenital megaesophagus?

A

Siamese

60
Q

Parasite associated with esophageal sarcocystis

A

Sarcocystis gigantea

61
Q

Parasite in horses that attaches and may cause ulcers in esophagus

A

Gasterophilus spp. larvae

62
Q

Parasite in cattle that live in submucosa or adventitia of esophagus

A

Hypoderma lineatum larvae

63
Q

Spirurid nematode in the stratified squamous mucosa of ruminants and swine

A

Gongylonema pulchrum

64
Q

Spirurid nematode in esophageal wall of canids; other location? associated lesion?

A

Spirocerca lupi; wall of aorta and gastric cardia; caudal thoracic vertebral body spondylitis

65
Q

Ruminal mucosal epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

66
Q

High concentrate rations cause

A

Primary tympany aka frothy bloat

67
Q

Inability to eructate causes

A

Secondary tympany aka free gas or secondary bloat (vagus indigestion)

68
Q

Cause of ruminal mucosal necrosis in neonatal calves

A

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (IBR)

69
Q

Pathogenesis of ruminal acidosis

A

Carbs decrease pH–>Gram negative bacteria die–>streptococci thrive and produce lactic acid–>pH drops further–>rumenitis–>ruminal atony (vagal indigestion) and increase in ruminal osmotic pressure–>fluid moves into rumen–>bulky and liquid ruminal contents–>dehydration–>dead

70
Q

Sequelae to ruminal acidosis (4)

A

Sepsis from fusobacterium (necrobacillosis) and liver abscesses
Mycotic rumenitis
Laminitis
Encephalopathy

71
Q

Causes of mycotic rumenitis; histologic findings

A

Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia; submucosal venular thrombosis with infarction

72
Q

Parasite in epithelium of rumen

A

Gongylonema spp.

73
Q

Rumen flukes, mostly nonpathogenic

A

Paramphistomum cervi

74
Q

Cause of papillomas in cattle squamous epithelium of GI; can be complicated by what?

A

bovine papillomavirus 4; bracken fern can cause transition to SCC

75
Q

Cause of FIBROpapillomas in esophagus and rumen of cattle

A

BPV-2

76
Q

What cat breed gets pyloric stenosis

A

Siamese

77
Q

Nasal mite

A

Pneumonyssoides caninum

78
Q

Cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

Obstruction of duodenal outflow with sequestration of chloride in abomasum

79
Q

Zinc toxicosis causes _____________; associated lesions

A

Abomasal and duodenal necrosis with lime green mucosa; fibrosing pancreatitis and nephrosis

80
Q

Cause of gastritis in ferrets

A

Helicobacter mustelae

81
Q

Acute abomasitis in sheep is called____ and caused by ______

A

Braxy or bradsot; Clostridium septicum

Systemics- GI (8 decks)

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