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HS Exam 3 > Stomach and Intestins > Flashcards

Stomach and Intestins Flashcards

1
Q

gastroesophageal junction epithelial transition

A

stratified squamous to simple columnar

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2
Q

layers of stomach, internal to external

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia

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3
Q

mucosa lining

A

simple columanar mucous secreting cells

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4
Q

layers of muscularis externa

A

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

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5
Q

gastric pits of body and fundus

A

short pits

elaborate glands

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6
Q

cell types and their location in gastric pits

A 
mucous neck cells- upper
parietal cell- upper 2/3
chief cells- base
neuroendocrine cells- base
stem cells-base
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7
Q

parietal cell function

A

HCl and Intrinsic factor secretion

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8
Q

intercellular cannaliculi

A

tubule system in parietal cells where HCl acumulates

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9
Q

stimulators of parietal cell secretion

A

gastrin
ACh
histamine

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10
Q

inhibitors of parietal cell secretion

A

proton pump inhibitors

histamine receptor blockers

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11
Q

autoimmune gastritis

A

autoantibodies against parietal cells or blockage of IF binding to B12

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12
Q

pernicious anemia

A

anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis caused deficiency of B12

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13
Q

function of chief cells

A

secrete digestive enzymes (pepsinogen)

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14
Q

function of neuroendocrine cells

A 
regulate water and electrolyte metabolism
enzyme secretion
GI motility
mucosal growth
other hormone release
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15
Q

gastric pits of cardiac stomach

A

short pits and glands

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16
Q

cells in cardiac stomach

A

surface mucous
mucous neck
some parietal

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17
Q

gastric pits of pyloric stomach

A

long pits, short glands

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18
Q

cell types of pyloric stomach

A

mucous cells- lots

neuroendocrine cells- gastrin and somatostain

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19
Q

gastritis triggers

A 
NSAIDs
alcohol
cigarettes
stress hormones
bile reflux into stomach
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20
Q

helobactor pylori

A

type of bacteria that can cause gastritis because it attaches to surface epithelium and destroys the mucous coat resulting in ulcerations from HCl contacting unprotected surface epithelium

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21
Q

zollinger-ellison syndrome

A

gastrin secreting tumor in pancreas (or stomach) which causes high HCl section which results in ulcers and inactivation of pancreatic enzymes–> sterratorea and diarrhea

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22
Q

areas at risk of dysplasia, neoplasia, and metaplasia

A

gastroesophageal junction

below pectinate line of anus

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23
Q

gastroduodenal junction epithelial transition

A

simple columnar epithelium
switch from secretive to absorptive
pyloric sphincter formed by thickening of inner circular layer of muscle

24
Q

plicae

A

permanent visible folds in small intestine submucosa

25
Q

layers if SI muscular externa

A

inner circular

outer longitudinal

26
Q

enterocyte function in SI

A

simple columnar absorptive
have microvilli to increase the surface area with brush boarder enzymes to finish digestion
also coat and secrete IgA

27
Q

goblet cells of SI

A

secrete mucous

28
Q

crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

intestinal glands of columnar absorptive cells, goblet cells, panted cells, stem cells, and M cells

29
Q

M cell function

A

antigen presenting

30
Q

panted cell funciton

A

secrete lysozymes, defensins, ang glycoproteins

31
Q

characteristics of duodenum

A

short villi and runners glands

32
Q

ampulla of Vater

A

valve where bile and pancreatic enzymes enter duodenum

33
Q

sphincter of oddi

A

smooth muscle thickening where bile and pancreatic enzymes enter duodenum

34
Q

neuroendocrine cells in duodenum release

A

secretin which stimulates pancreatic d cut cells to release bicarb
cholecystokinin- stimulates pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contraction

35
Q

brunner’s glands

A

alkaline mucous secreting cells in submucosa of duodenum

36
Q

characteristics of jejunum

A

most pronounced place
long vili
no runner’s glands of peyer’s patches

37
Q

peyer’s patches

A

MALT bunches that extend into the lamina propr. of the Ileum

38
Q

characteristics of the Ileum

A

broad, flat, short microvilli

Peyer’s patches of MALT

39
Q

tiena coli

A

outer longitudinal muscle of colon arranged into 3 bands

40
Q

area of GI tract with most goblet cells

A

colon

41
Q

features of colon

A 
no villi
lots of goblet cells
crypts of lieberkuhn
no lymphatic vessels
collagen layer under basal lamina
42
Q

lower 1/3 of rectum

A

anal canal

43
Q

features of anal canal

A

anal columns
anal sinuses
anal valves
highly innervated

44
Q

pectinate line

A

where anal canal epithelium switches form simple columnar to stratified squamous

45
Q

location of hemmorrhdial venous plexus

A

submucosa of anal canal

46
Q

internal anal sphincter

A

inner circular layer thickening of muscular external of anal canal

47
Q

anus features

A

keratinized stratified squamous
circumanal glands
muscularis external of skeletal muscle

48
Q

malabsorptive syndromes and possible causes

A

poor absorption of fat, protein, carb, salts or water
brush boarder defects
defective bile secretion
abnormal pancreatic enzymes

49
Q

gluten enteropathy

A

immune mediated inflammatory response of SI resulting in atrophy and flattening of villi and hyperplasia of intestinal glands
cause of malabsorptive syndrome

50
Q

diverticular disease

A

high intraluminal pressure (poor diet fiber) and weakened muscle leads to a mucosa herniation- pocket where bacteria can accumulate and lead to infection and inflammation and possible perforation and hemorrhage

51
Q

crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammation of small intestine (ileum)
patch ulceration siwth normal mucosa between, may have domed areas of edemas mucosa and submucosa
inflammation can be transmural

52
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

affects colon and rectum
acute phases with intermittent remission
lots of inflammation but rarely transmural
high rate of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in chronic cases

53
Q

inflammatory pseudopolyps

A

seen in ulcerative colitis

superficial ulcers with normal mucosa above the ulcerations

54
Q

colon polyps

A

benign adenomas with varying degrees of dysplasia

55
Q

adenocarcionma

A

malignant adenomas, commonly found in sigmoid colon

56
Q

appendix

A

same as colon, just smaller diamater

lymphoid tissue in submucosa

57
Q

appendicitis

A

acute inflammation with surface ulcerations and exudates

possible to spread through all layers and into peritoneum–> peritinitis

HS Exam 3 (20 decks)

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