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HS Exam 3 > Eye and Orbit > Flashcards

Eye and Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

accessory visceral structures

A 
eyelids
extraocular muscles
nerves and vessels
orbital fascia
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus
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2
Q

tarsi attachments

A

medial and lateral palprebral ligaments

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3
Q

tarsal gland secretion

A

lipids

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4
Q

bulbar fascia

A

posterior loose connective tissue going into the orbit

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5
Q

bulbar conjunctiva

A

anterior clear layer over the sclera

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6
Q

palprebral conjunctiva

A

clear layer lining eyelids

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7
Q

conjunctival sac

A

space bordered by bulbar and palpebral conjuctiva

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8
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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9
Q

lacrimal glands produce

A

lacrimal fluid- lubrication

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10
Q

lacrimal fluid drains into

A

lacrimal canaliculi in inferomedial eye

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11
Q

lacrimal canaliculi drain into

A

lacrimal sac- superior dilation of nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

lacrimal sac drains into

A

nasolacrimal duct which leads into nose

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13
Q

lacrimal gland location

A

fossa for lacrimal gland in superiolateral orbit

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14
Q

nasolacrimal duct drains into

A

inferior nasal meatus

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15
Q

anterior segment

A

anterior to lens

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16
Q

anterior chamber

A

anterior to iris

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17
Q

posterior chamber

A

posterior to iris

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18
Q

posterior segment

A

posterior to lens

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19
Q

aqueous humor

A

in anterior segment

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20
Q

vitreous humor

A

in posterior segment

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21
Q

glaucoma

A

increased anterior segment pressure caused by increased aqueous humor possibly due to blocked scleral venous sinus

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22
Q

scleral venous sinus

A

drains aqueous humor of anterior segment

located in the irido-corneal angle

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23
Q

sphincter pupillae

A

closes pupil via parasympathetic

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24
Q

dilator pupillae

A

opens pupil via sympathetic

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25
Q

sclera

A

attachment sites for extraocular and intrinsic eye muscles

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26
Q

most of light refraction by

A

corena

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27
Q

ciliary muscle contracts to

A

do accomodation- focus on near things

makes lens more rounded

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28
Q

2 layers of retina

A

neural- photoreceptors

pigmented- absorbs excess light so none is reflected

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29
Q

blood supply to retina

A

central artery/vein of retina

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30
Q

optic disc

A

medial (nasal)

where optic nerve and blood vessels enter

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31
Q

macula

A

lateral to optic disc where light hits the retina

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32
Q

fovea

A

indention in macula with highest visual acuity

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33
Q

choroid

A

layer with blood vessels

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34
Q

papilledema

A

bulging of the optic disc due to swelling of central vein of retina from compression by CSF in meninges due to increased cranial pressure

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35
Q

branches of the ophthalmic artery supplying the eye and surrounding

A 
central artery of retina
posterior ciliary
lacrimal--> anterior ciliary
supraorbital
ethmoid branches
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36
Q

order of things light goes through

A 
vitreous humor
ganglion cell axons
retinal ganglion cells
bipolar neurons
photoreceptors
pigmented layer
sclera
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37
Q

major visual pathway

A

retinal ganglion axons–> lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)–> occipital lobe

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38
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

pretectum (between thalamus and midbrain)

39
Q

optic nerve damage

A

lost vision from that side

40
Q

optic chiasm damage

A

temporal fields lost in both eyes

41
Q

optic tract damage

A

loss of opposite side visual field in both eyes, nasal in same side, temporal in other side

42
Q

optic chiasm or tract comopression

A

flashes where there are none

43
Q

medial orbit boarders

A

lacrimal
ethmoid
sphenoid

44
Q

lateral orbit boarders

A

greater wing of sphenoid

frontal process of zygomatic

45
Q

superior orbit boarders

A

orbital part of frontal

lesser wing of sphenoid

46
Q

inferior orbit boarders

A

orbital process of palatine
maxillary
zygomatic

47
Q

optic canal is in the

A

lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

48
Q

4 holes in the orbital cavity

A

superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure
fossa for lacrimal sac
infraorbital groove

49
Q

superior orbital fissure location

A

between lesser and greater wings of sphenoid

50
Q

optic canal location

A

in the lesser wing of sphenoid

51
Q

inferior orbital fissure location

A

between the greater wing of sphenoid and maxillary bone

52
Q

infraorbital groove location

A

anterior to inferior orbital fissure in the maxillary bone

53
Q

contents of superior orbital fissure

A

V1, III, IV, VI

ophthalmic vein

54
Q

fossa for lacrimal sac location

A

in the lacrimal bone (medial)

55
Q

contents of infraorbital groove

A

infraorbital artery and nerve

56
Q

periorbita

A

lining of bones of optic cavity and is continuous with the dura through the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure

57
Q

function of superior rectus

A

adduct
elevate
medial rotate

58
Q

function of medial rectus

A

adduct

59
Q

function of inferior rectus

A

adduct
depress
lateral rotate

60
Q

function of inferior oblique

A

abduct
elevate
lateral rotate

61
Q

function lateral rectus

A

abduction

62
Q

function superior oblique

A

abduct
depress
medial rotate

63
Q

function levator palprebrae

A

elevate eye lid

64
Q

what attaches at the common tendinous ring

A

rectus muscles

65
Q

attachment of superior oblique

A

body of sphenoid, goes through trochlea to attach to the lateral eyeball

66
Q

attachment of inferior oblique

A

floor of orbit

67
Q

origin of oculomotor nerve

A

midbraine
visceral efferent- Edinger westfall nucleus
somatic efferent- occulomotor nucleus

68
Q

path of oculomotor nerve

A

passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
crosses dura lateral to diaphragma stella
along lateral and superior cavernous sinus to enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure

69
Q

inferior branches of oculomotor nerve

A

infeiror oblique, medial rectus, inferior rectus

70
Q

superior branches of oculomotor nerve

A

supeiror rectus, levator palprebrae

71
Q

3 components forming ciliary nerve

A

GVE part of oculomotor
sympathetics
CN V1

72
Q

parasympathetic role of CN III

A

pupillary light reflex
consensual pupillary reflex
lens accomodation

73
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

constrict pupil in response to light

74
Q

consensual pupillary reflex

A

shine light in one eye and the other constructs with it

75
Q

lense accomodation

A

relaxation of ciliary body via contraction of ciliary muscles for near vision

76
Q

path of parasympathetic branch of CN III

A

synapses on ciliary ganglion

postsynaptic fibers go to ciliary body and pupillary sphincter via ciliary nerves

77
Q

CN IV innervates

A

superior oblique

78
Q

origin trochlear nerve

A

midbrain- trochlear nucleus

79
Q

longest intracranial nerve path

A

trochlear nerve

80
Q

path of trochlear nerve

A

in subarachnoid space
passes over the superior cerebellar artery to cross dura at the tantrum cerebella and then along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus to enter orbital at superior orbital fissure

81
Q

origin of abducent nerve

A

pons- abducent nucleus

82
Q

path of abducent nerve

A

comes out between the pons and medulla oblongata near the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
runs parallel to the basilar artery and goes through the dura near the cloves of the occipital bone
travels over the crest of petrous part of temporal and then inside the cavernous sinus with the internal carotid artery

83
Q

longest intradural course nerve

A

abducent nerve

84
Q

path of sympathetic nerves to eye

A

IML C8-T2–> sympathetic chain ganglion–> along internal carotid–> through ciliary ganglion–> short ciliary nerves to ciliary body and intraocular blood vessels and long ciliary nerve to dilator pupillae

85
Q

pupil dilation

A

sympathetic

86
Q

look up

A

CN III
SR
IO

87
Q

look down

A

CN III and CN IV
IR
SO

88
Q

lateral

A

III, IV, VI
SO
IO
LR

89
Q

medial

A

III
MR
SR
IR

90
Q

diagonal up and out

A

III VI
SR
LR
IO

91
Q

diagonal up and in

A

III
SR
IO
MR

92
Q

diagonal down and out

A

III IV VI
IR
SO
LR

93
Q

diagonal down and in

A

III IV
IR
SO
MR

HS Exam 3 (20 decks)

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